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		Research article Obesity and prostate cancer: gene expression signature of human periprostatic adipose tissue Ricardo Ribeiro, Cátia Monteiro, Victoria Catalán, Pingzhao Hu, Virgínia Cunha, Amaia Rodríguez, Javier Gómez-Ambrosi, Avelino Fraga, Paulo Príncipe, Carlos Lobato, Francisco Lobo, António Morais, Vitor Silva, José Sanches-Magalhães, Jorge Oliveira, Francisco Pina, Carlos Lopes, Rui Medeiros, Gema Frühbeck BMC Medicine 2012, 10:108 (25 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Obese patients with prostate cancer (PC) have different gene expression in their periprostatic adipose tissue compared to lean patients, which promotes a favorable environment for tumor progression by crosstalk between this tissue and the cancer cells.
		Minireview Epilepsy care guidelines for low- and middle- income countries: From WHO mental health GAP to national programs Juri Katchanov, Gretchen L Birbeck BMC Medicine 2012, 10:107 (24 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Juri Katchanov and Gretchen Birbeck discuss the differing needs of low- and middle-income countries for epilepsy care guidelines compared with higher income countries, and describe how successful execution requires local adaptation.
		Opinion Breast cancer screening: are we seeing the benefit? Donella Puliti, Marco Zappa BMC Medicine 2012, 10:106 (20 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary Different study designs are used to measure the success of breast cancer screening; Donella Puliti and Marco Zappa recommend that case-control and incidence-based mortality studies are the most appropriate, concluding that screening saves lives.
		Research article Pinocembrin protects against β-amyloid-induced toxicity in neurons through inhibiting receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-independent signaling pathways and regulating mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis Rui Liu, Cai-xia Wu, Dan Zhou, Fan Yang, Shuo Tian, Li Zhang, Tian-tai Zhang, Guan-hua Du BMC Medicine 2012, 10:105 (18 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Pinocembrin, an approved therapy for stroke, improves cognitive function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by downregulation of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expression, so could be a new strategy for neuroprotective therapy.
		Review New treatments for influenza Sailen Barik BMC Medicine 2012, 10:104 (13 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary There is a continuing need for new influenza therapy due to the rapid evolution of viral resistance to treatment; Sailen Barik reviews the development of novel anti-influenza drugs based on molecular targets and genomic advances.
		Correspondence A tool to facilitate clinical biomarker studies - a tissue dictionary based on the Human Protein Atlas Caroline Kampf, Julia Bergman, Per Oksvold, Anna Asplund, Sanjay Navani, Mikaela Wiking, Emma Lundberg, Mathias Uhlén, Fredrik Ponten BMC Medicine 2012, 10:103 (12 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Fredrik Ponten and colleagues highlight how a tissue dictionary recently developed to accompany the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), can be used by clinicians for diagnostic and biomarker studies in cancer pathology.
		Research article Interleukin-22 predicts severity and death in advanced liver cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study Bernd Kronenberger, Ina Rudloff, Malte Bachmann, Friederike Brunner, Lisa Kapper, Natalie Filmann, Oliver Waidmann, Eva Herrmann, Josef Pfeilschifter, Stefan Zeuzem, Albrecht Piiper, Heiko Mühl BMC Medicine 2012, 10:102 (11 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Elevated interleukin-22 (IL-22) levels predict reduced survival in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis independently from age, C-reactive protein, disease severity and complications, suggesting that IL-22 could be used as a prognostic marker.
		Research article Transforming growth factor β₁inhibits bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2 and BMP-7 signaling via upregulation of Ski-related novel protein N (SnoN): possible mechanism for the failure of BMP therapy? Sabrina Ehnert, Jian Zhao, Stefan Pscherer, Thomas Freude, Steven Dooley, Andreas Kolk, Ulrich Stöckle, Andreas Nussler, Robert Hube BMC Medicine 2012, 10:101 (7 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), used to aid fracture healing, do not work on some patients due to an increase in histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, so inhibiting HDAC activity in combination with BMP therapy may aid healing.
		Debate Integrating pathology and radiology disciplines: an emerging opportunity? James Sorace, Denise R Aberle, Dena Elimam, Silvana Lawvere, Ossama Tawfik, W Dean Wallace BMC Medicine 2012, 10:100 (5 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Pathology and radiology are central to cancer diagnosis, but the two disciplines are often separated; James Sorace and colleagues suggest development of an integrated diagnostic system combining the two specialties to improve quality of patient care.
		Research article A systematic review and analysis of long-term outcomes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects of treatment and non-treatment Monica Shaw, Paul Hodgkins, Hervé Caci, Susan Young, Jennifer Kahle, Alisa G Woods, L Eugene Arnold BMC Medicine 2012, 10:99 (4 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary In a systematic review, Monica Shaw et al analyse the effects of treatment on long-term functional improvement of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents and adults, and show that those on treatment exhibit improved outcomes when compared to their untreated counterparts.
		Research article Toll-like receptor 4 signaling promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human hepatocellular carcinoma induced by lipopolysaccharide Ying-Ying Jing, Zhi-Peng Han, Kai Sun, Shan-Shan Zhang, Jing Hou, Yan Liu, Rong Li, Lu Gao, Xue Zhao, Qiu-Dong Zhao, Meng-Chao Wu, Li-Xin Wei BMC Medicine 2012, 10:98 (31 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Toll-like receptor 4 is required for lipopolysaccharide-induced metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and is associated with poor survival in patients, signifying its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
		Research article Intracranial hemorrhage in adult patients with hematological malignancies Chien-Yuan Chen, Chan-Hwei Tai, Aristine Cheng, Hung-Chang Wu, Woei Tsay, Jia-Hau Liu, Pey-Ying Chen, Shang-Yi Huang, Ming Yao, Jih-Luh Tang, Hwei-Fang Tien BMC Medicine 2012, 10:97 (29 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is more common in patients with acute myeloid leukemia compared with other hematological malignancies, suggesting that these patients should be monitored for ICH to assess prognosis and guide treatment strategies.
		Research article Tamoxifen for the management of breast events induced by non-steroidal antiandrogens in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review Frank Kunath, Bastian Keck, Gerd Antes, Bernd Wullich, Joerg J Meerpohl BMC Medicine 2012, 10:96 (28 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Evidence from a systematic review suggests that tamoxifen is effective for the prevention and treatment of breast events in men undergoing anti-androgen treatment for prostate cancer, although dose and long-term adverse effects need to be determined.
		Review Physiopathology of intratendinous calcific deposition Francesco Oliva, Alessio Via, Nicola Maffulli BMC Medicine 2012, 10:95 (23 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The etiopathogenesis of calcific tendinopathy is controversial and therapeutic development relies on further research; Nicola Maffulli and colleagues review the current theories and recent evidence to explain the underlying causes of this complex condition.
		Research article Human amniotic fluid stem cell injection therapy for urethral sphincter regeneration in an animal model Bum Kim, So Chun, Jong Lee, Hyun Lim, Jae-sung Bae, Ho-Yun Chung, Anthony Atala, Shay Soker, James J Yoo, Tae Kwon BMC Medicine 2012, 10:94 (21 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Human amniotic fluid stem cells can differentiate into muscle cells and restore urethral sphincter function in a mouse model of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), suggesting that they could be a new non-invasive therapeutic option for SUI.
		Review Genetic, environmental and stochastic factors in monozygotic twin discordance with a focus on epigenetic differences Witold Czyz, Julia M Morahan, George C Ebers, Sreeram V Ramagopalan BMC Medicine 2012, 10:93 (17 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Monozygotic twins inherit identical genomes, but they can have phenotypic differences, traditionally explained by non-shared environmental factors; George Ebers and colleagues review other reasons behind discordance, focusing on epigenetics.
		Debate Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs against antipsychotic-induced weight gain: potential physiological benefits Bjørn H Ebdrup, Filip K Knop, Pelle L Ishøy, Egill Rostrup, Birgitte Fagerlund, Henrik Lublin, Birte Glenthøj BMC Medicine 2012, 10:92 (15 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Overweight is a major side effect of antipsychotic drugs so Bjørn H Ebdrup et al. propose analogs of glucagon-like peptide-1, which cause weight loss in diabetics, can be used to treat antipsychotic-induced weight gain in schizophrenic patients.
		Research article Maintenance N-acetyl cysteine treatment for bipolar disorder: A double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial Michael Berk, Olivia M Dean, Sue M Cotton, Clarissa S Gama, Flavio Kapczinski, Brisa Fernandes, Kristy Kohlmann, Susan Jeavons, Karen Hewitt, Kirsteen Moss, Christine Allwang, Ian Schapkaitz, Heidi Cobb, Ashley I Bush, Seetal Dodd, Gin S Malhi BMC Medicine 2012, 10:91 (14 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Evidence from a clinical trial suggests that N-acetyl cysteine, which has previously demonstrated antidepressant properties, does not have long-term efficacy for bipolar disorder, in contrast to the results of a previous trial.
		Commentary A mathematical model to guide antibiotic treatment strategies Albert Sotto, Jean-Philippe Lavigne BMC Medicine 2012, 10:90 (13 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Sotto and Lavigne comment on a study showing that mechanisms of antibiotic resistance should be taken into account to guide treatment strategies, and discuss how a multidisciplinary approach should be used to overcome multidrug-resistant infections.
		Research article Implications of stress-induced genetic variation for minimizing multidrug resistance in bacteria Uri Obolski, Lilach Hadany BMC Medicine 2012, 10:89 (13 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A mathematical model shows that cycling and mixing strategies are effective against antibiotic-resistant infection when resistance occurs via horizontal gene transfer, suggesting that resistance mechanism should be considered in treatment decisions.
		Review State of progress in treating cystic fibrosis respiratory disease Patrick A Flume, Donald R Van Devanter BMC Medicine 2012, 10:88 (10 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Patrick Flume and Donald VanDevanter review the latest developments in determining the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF), and highlight the improved therapies targeted towards treating lung disease in CF patients.
		Commentary The failure of protein cancer biomarkers to reach the clinic: why, and what can be done to address the problem? Eleftherios P Diamandis BMC Medicine 2012, 10:87 (9 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Despite the discovery of many biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, very few have been used within the clinical setting; Eleftherios Diamandis explains the reasons behind the incongruity, discussing potential solutions for this issue.
		Research article Physiologic variations of serum tumor markers in gynecological malignancies during pregnancy: a systematic review Sileny N Han, Anouk Lotgerink, Mina Gziri, Kristel Van Calsteren, Myriam Hanssens, Frédéric Amant BMC Medicine 2012, 10:86 (8 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Evidence from a systematic review suggests that gynecological tumor marker levels can increase during normal pregnancy, indicating that elevated markers alone should not lead to invasive diagnostic procedures that could put the fetus at risk.
		Research article CD133⁺CXCR4⁺colon cancer cells exhibit metastatic potential and predict poor prognosis of patients Shan-shan Zhang, Zhi-peng Han, Ying-ying Jing, Shuang-fen Tao, Tie-jun Li, Hao Wang, Yang Wang, Rong Li, Yang Yang, Xue Zhao, Xiao-dong Xu, En-da Yu, Yao-cheng Rui, Hou-jia Liu, Li Zhang, Li-xin Wei BMC Medicine 2012, 10:85 (7 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Colon cancer cells expressing CD133 and CXCR4 are associated with metastasis and reduced survival in patients, and blocking CXCR4 in a mouse model inhibits tumor growth, which suggests that these proteins could be targeted in colon cancer therapy.
		Research article Germinal center kinase-like kinase (GLK/MAP4K3) expression is increased in adult-onset Still's disease and may act as an activity marker Der-Yuan Chen, Huai-Chia Chuang, Joung-Liang Lan, Yi-Ming Chen, Wei-Ting Hung, Kuo-Lung Lai, Tse-Hua Tan BMC Medicine 2012, 10:84 (6 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Disease activity of adult-onset Still's disease, a rare form of inflammatory arthritis, can be measured by using levels of germinal center kinase-like kinase (GLK) as a biomarker for pathogenesis, which can be useful in establishing therapy efficacy.
		Commentary Medicine, morality and health care social media Farris K Timimi BMC Medicine 2012, 10:83 (2 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Farris Timimi comments on the growing popularity of social media, and discusses how this can be used as an effective tool for physicians to help patients gain better understanding about clinical research.
		Research article Gender and the treatment of immune-mediated chronic inflammatory diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis: an observational study Nienke Lesuis, Ragnar Befrits, Filippa Nyberg, Ronald F van Vollenhoven BMC Medicine 2012, 10:82 (1 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Women have more severe disease than men before treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease, suggesting that immune-mediated diseases have a greater effect on women, which could inform future treatment decisions.
		Review The role of barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration and restoration of large bone defects: current experimental and clinical evidence Rozalia Dimitriou, George I Mataliotakis, Giorgio Calori, Peter V Giannoudis BMC Medicine 2012, 10:81 (26 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Healing of large bone defects is challenging, but barrier membranes are being developed to treat these in a single step; Peter Giannoudis and colleagues review clinical evidence on the regenerative properties of membranes and highlight the need for further research.
		Research article Antitumor activity of phenethyl isothiocyanate in HER2-positive breast cancer models Parul Gupta, Sanjay K Srivastava BMC Medicine 2012, 10:80 (24 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) has anti-tumor activity in HER2-expressing breast cancer cells and enhances the efficacy of doxorubicin, offering a potential new therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer in those resistant to trastuzumab.
		Editorial Advances in sports nutrition, exercise and medicine: Olympic issues, the legacy and beyond Mike Carmont BMC Medicine 2012, 10:79 (19 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary Mike Carmont launches our new article collection 'Advances in Sports Nutrition, Exercise and Medicine', with an editorial, discussing how research in this area has consequences for the general public as well as athletes.
		Technical advance The Transeurope Footrace Project: longitudinal data acquisition in a cluster randomized mobile MRI observational cohort study on 44 endurance runners at a 64-stage 4,486km transcontinental ultramarathon Uwe HW Schütz, Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss, Beat Knechtle, Jürgen Machann, Heike Wiedelbach, Martin Ehrhardt, Wolfgang Freund, Stefan Gröninger, Horst Brunner, Ingo Schulze, Hans-Jürgen Brambs, Christian Billich BMC Medicine 2012, 10:78 (19 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Physiological changes in 44 ultramarathon runners over the course of a 4487 km race can be evaluated using a mobile MRI scanner, as well as metabolic and psychological tests, which could can demonstrate the processes occurring at the limits of endurance
		Commentary Ultramarathon is an outstanding model for the study of adaptive responses to extreme load and stress Grégoire P Millet, Guillaume Y Millet BMC Medicine 2012, 10:77 (19 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Gregoire and Guillaume Millet discuss how the findings of a recent study where physiological changes in ultramarathon runners were assessed by a mobile MRI scanner can shed light on how the body adapts to stress.
		Editorial Born to run. Studying the limits of human performance Andrew Murray, Ricardo JS Costa BMC Medicine 2012, 10:76 (19 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Ultramarathon runners Andrew Murray and Ricardo Costa discuss how the Schutz et al. study, which presents methods to assess physiological changes during a 4487 km race as part of the TransEurope Footrace Project, has implications for endurance athletes.
		Research article The effectiveness of neuromuscular warm-up strategies, that require no additional equipment, for preventing lower limb injuries during sports participation: a systematic review Katherine Herman, Christian Barton, Peter Malliaras, Dylan Morrissey BMC Medicine 2012, 10:75 (19 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A systematic review and meta-analysis finds that simple neuromuscular warm-up techniques involving no additional equipment can reduce lower extremity injury incidence, so should be considered as part of athletic training.
		Editorial Sport and exercise medicine and the Olympic health legacy Garry A Tew, Robert J Copeland, Simon H Till BMC Medicine 2012, 10:74 (19 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The Olympic Legacy aims to use the forthcoming Games as a catalyst for promoting a healthier, more active lifestyle; Simon Till and colleagues highlight how specialists can contribute to this change, as well as the barriers that may prevent success
		Research article Open access versus subscription journals: a comparison of scientific impact Bo-Christer Björk, David Solomon BMC Medicine 2012, 10:73 (17 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary The scientific impact of articles published in open access (OA) and subscription journals are similar when journal discipline, location of publisher and age of publication are compared, which is particularly true in medicine and health, where OA journals founded in the last 10 years receive on average as many citations as subscription journals launched during the same time.
		Research article Antiviral activity of Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM1005-A on human papillomavirus type 16 Min-Kyeong Cha, Do-Kyung Lee, Hyang-Mi An, Si-Won Lee, Seon-Hee Shin, Jeong-Hyun Kwon, Kyung-Jae Kim, Nam-Joo Ha BMC Medicine 2012, 10:72 (12 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) conducts antiviral activity via suppression of specific oncogenes; a finding which can lead to potential applications for prevention of HPV-associated cervical cancer.
		Research article A cluster randomized trial to assess the effect of clinical pathways for patients with stroke: results of the clinical pathways for effective and appropriate care study Massimiliano Panella, Sara Marchisio, Romeo Brambilla, Kris Vanhaecht, Francesco Di Stanislao BMC Medicine 2012, 10:71 (10 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary The Clinical Pathways for Effective and Appropriate Care (CPEAC) trial shows that ischemic stroke patients have lower 7-day mortality, and are more likely to return to daily life, following structured care treatment compared with usual care.
		Commentary Commentary on a GWAS: HDAC9 and the risk for ischaemic stroke Werner Hacke, Caspar Grond-Ginsbach BMC Medicine 2012, 10:70 (9 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Hacke and Grond-Ginsbach comment on a recent GWAS identifying a variant in HDAC9 associated with large vessel stroke, and discuss how different variants associated with distinct stroke subtypes could be used as predictors of risk.
		Research article Month of birth, vitamin D and risk of immune-mediated disease: a case control study Giulio Disanto, George Chaplin, Julia M Morahan, Gavin Giovannoni, Elina Hyppönen, George C Ebers, Sreeram V Ramagopalan BMC Medicine 2012, 10:69 (6 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary A large study finds a link between month of birth and prevalence of common immune-mediated diseases, which may be mediated by UVB light exposure and vitamin D status during gestation, providing insight for disease prevention strategies.
		Research article Development and description of measurement properties of an instrument to assess treatment burden among patients with multiple chronic conditions Viet-Thi Tran, Victor M Montori, David T Eton, Dan Baruch, Bruno Falissard, Philippe Ravaud BMC Medicine 2012, 10:68 (4 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ) can be used to reliably assess the effect of chronic disease treatment on a patient's quality of life, and could aid in the development of more acceptable regimes, improving patient adherence to treatment.
		Opinion Mirroring everyday clinical practice in clinical trial design: a new concept to improve the external validity of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials in the pharmacological treatment of major depression Emanuel Severus, Florian Seemüller, Michael Berger, Sandra Dittmann, Michael Obermeier, Andrea Pfennig, Michael Riedel, Sophia Frangou, Hans-Jürgen Möller, Michael Bauer BMC Medicine 2012, 10:67 (2 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary In clinical trials for depression, blinded placebo use could influence outcome; Emanuel Severus et al. propose an alternative design whereby patients can choose to receive treatment and are informed of the benefits, in order to improve trial validity.
		Review Depression and sickness behavior are Janus-faced responses to shared inflammatory pathways Michael Maes, Michael Berk, Lisa Goehler, Cai Song, George Anderson, Piotr Gałecki, Brian Leonard BMC Medicine 2012, 10:66 (29 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Michael Maes and colleagues review the protective role of inflammation in sickness behavior, in contrast to negative symptoms associated with depression, and suggest these shared immuno-inflammatory pathways can explain the phenomenological similarities between the two conditions.
		Research article A systematic review of the effects of residency training on patient outcomes Renée M van der Leeuw, Kiki MJMH Lombarts, Onyebuchi A Arah, Maas Jan Heineman BMC Medicine 2012, 10:65 (28 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A systematic review suggests that patient care is safe and of equal quality when delivered by residents compared with experienced doctors, suggesting that training programs are effective when residents are adequately supervised.
		Research article A stable pattern of EEG spectral coherence distinguishes children with autism from neuro-typical controls - a large case control study Frank H Duffy, Heidelise Als BMC Medicine 2012, 10:64 (26 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary A large scale study assessing electroencephalography (EEG) patterns in children diagnosed with autism and matched controls identifies differences between these groups, which could be used to provide an EEG signature for autism diagnosis.
		Commentary Attention bias modification: the Emperor's new suit? Paul MG Emmelkamp BMC Medicine 2012, 10:63 (25 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A recent double-blind RCT reports, contrary to previous studies, that internet-delivered attention bias modification training for social anxiety disorder can be limited by delivery of training; here Paul Emmelkamp comments on other factors which can affect the effectiveness of internet-based therapies.
		Research article Coronary collaterals and risk for restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions: a meta-analysis Pascal Meier, Andreas Indermuehle, Bertram Pitt, Tobias Traupe, Stefano F de Marchi, Tom Crake, Guido Knapp, Alexandra J Lansky, Christian Seiler BMC Medicine 2012, 10:62 (21 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary A meta-analysis finds that increased coronary collateral circulation after a heart attack augments the risk of restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), so could be a useful marker in risk stratification.
		Research article Metabolic profiling detects early effects of environmental and lifestyle exposure to cadmium in a human population James K Ellis, Toby J Athersuch, Laura DK Thomas, Friederike Teichert, Miriam Pérez-Trujillo, Claus Svendsen, David J Spurgeon, Rajinder Singh, Lars Järup, Jacob G Bundy, Hector C Keun BMC Medicine 2012, 10:61 (19 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary Metabolic profiling using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can detect biomarkers of cadmium exposure at levels below the threshold for renal damage, so can be used to assess disease risk in people living near sources of pollution.
		Research article Resitting a high-stakes postgraduate medical examination on multiple occasions: nonlinear multilevel modelling of performance in the MRCP(UK) examinations IC McManus, Katarzyna Ludka BMC Medicine 2012, 10:60 (14 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary Mathematical modeling shows that performance at MRCP(UK) (Membership of the Royal Colleges of Physicians) medical examinations improves with resits until at least the fourth attempt; should the pass mark increase with multiple attempts to allow only candidates who have improved to succeed?
		Commentary A commentary on TREAT: The trial of early aggressive drug therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis Eileen Baildam BMC Medicine 2012, 10:59 (13 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Eileen Baildam comments on TREAT, a recent trial on early aggressive treatment of polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), where Carol Wallace et al. identifies a crucial timeframe to administer therapy for the best chance of achieving clinical inactive state of the disease.

	All
		Research article Obesity and prostate cancer: gene expression signature of human periprostatic adipose tissue Ricardo Ribeiro, Cátia Monteiro, Victoria Catalán, Pingzhao Hu, Virgínia Cunha, Amaia Rodríguez, Javier Gómez-Ambrosi, Avelino Fraga, Paulo Príncipe, Carlos Lobato, Francisco Lobo, António Morais, Vitor Silva, José Sanches-Magalhães, Jorge Oliveira, Francisco Pina, Carlos Lopes, Rui Medeiros, Gema Frühbeck BMC Medicine 2012, 10:108 (25 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Obese patients with prostate cancer (PC) have different gene expression in their periprostatic adipose tissue compared to lean patients, which promotes a favorable environment for tumor progression by crosstalk between this tissue and the cancer cells.
		Minireview Epilepsy care guidelines for low- and middle- income countries: From WHO mental health GAP to national programs Juri Katchanov, Gretchen L Birbeck BMC Medicine 2012, 10:107 (24 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Juri Katchanov and Gretchen Birbeck discuss the differing needs of low- and middle-income countries for epilepsy care guidelines compared with higher income countries, and describe how successful execution requires local adaptation.
		Opinion Breast cancer screening: are we seeing the benefit? Donella Puliti, Marco Zappa BMC Medicine 2012, 10:106 (20 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary Different study designs are used to measure the success of breast cancer screening; Donella Puliti and Marco Zappa recommend that case-control and incidence-based mortality studies are the most appropriate, concluding that screening saves lives.
		Research article Pinocembrin protects against β-amyloid-induced toxicity in neurons through inhibiting receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-independent signaling pathways and regulating mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis Rui Liu, Cai-xia Wu, Dan Zhou, Fan Yang, Shuo Tian, Li Zhang, Tian-tai Zhang, Guan-hua Du BMC Medicine 2012, 10:105 (18 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Pinocembrin, an approved therapy for stroke, improves cognitive function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by downregulation of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expression, so could be a new strategy for neuroprotective therapy.
		Review New treatments for influenza Sailen Barik BMC Medicine 2012, 10:104 (13 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary There is a continuing need for new influenza therapy due to the rapid evolution of viral resistance to treatment; Sailen Barik reviews the development of novel anti-influenza drugs based on molecular targets and genomic advances.
		Correspondence A tool to facilitate clinical biomarker studies - a tissue dictionary based on the Human Protein Atlas Caroline Kampf, Julia Bergman, Per Oksvold, Anna Asplund, Sanjay Navani, Mikaela Wiking, Emma Lundberg, Mathias Uhlén, Fredrik Ponten BMC Medicine 2012, 10:103 (12 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Fredrik Ponten and colleagues highlight how a tissue dictionary recently developed to accompany the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), can be used by clinicians for diagnostic and biomarker studies in cancer pathology.
		Research article Interleukin-22 predicts severity and death in advanced liver cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study Bernd Kronenberger, Ina Rudloff, Malte Bachmann, Friederike Brunner, Lisa Kapper, Natalie Filmann, Oliver Waidmann, Eva Herrmann, Josef Pfeilschifter, Stefan Zeuzem, Albrecht Piiper, Heiko Mühl BMC Medicine 2012, 10:102 (11 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Elevated interleukin-22 (IL-22) levels predict reduced survival in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis independently from age, C-reactive protein, disease severity and complications, suggesting that IL-22 could be used as a prognostic marker.
		Research article Transforming growth factor β₁inhibits bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2 and BMP-7 signaling via upregulation of Ski-related novel protein N (SnoN): possible mechanism for the failure of BMP therapy? Sabrina Ehnert, Jian Zhao, Stefan Pscherer, Thomas Freude, Steven Dooley, Andreas Kolk, Ulrich Stöckle, Andreas Nussler, Robert Hube BMC Medicine 2012, 10:101 (7 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), used to aid fracture healing, do not work on some patients due to an increase in histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, so inhibiting HDAC activity in combination with BMP therapy may aid healing.
		Debate Integrating pathology and radiology disciplines: an emerging opportunity? James Sorace, Denise R Aberle, Dena Elimam, Silvana Lawvere, Ossama Tawfik, W Dean Wallace BMC Medicine 2012, 10:100 (5 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Pathology and radiology are central to cancer diagnosis, but the two disciplines are often separated; James Sorace and colleagues suggest development of an integrated diagnostic system combining the two specialties to improve quality of patient care.
		Research article A systematic review and analysis of long-term outcomes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects of treatment and non-treatment Monica Shaw, Paul Hodgkins, Hervé Caci, Susan Young, Jennifer Kahle, Alisa G Woods, L Eugene Arnold BMC Medicine 2012, 10:99 (4 September 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary In a systematic review, Monica Shaw et al analyse the effects of treatment on long-term functional improvement of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents and adults, and show that those on treatment exhibit improved outcomes when compared to their untreated counterparts.
		Research article Toll-like receptor 4 signaling promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human hepatocellular carcinoma induced by lipopolysaccharide Ying-Ying Jing, Zhi-Peng Han, Kai Sun, Shan-Shan Zhang, Jing Hou, Yan Liu, Rong Li, Lu Gao, Xue Zhao, Qiu-Dong Zhao, Meng-Chao Wu, Li-Xin Wei BMC Medicine 2012, 10:98 (31 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Toll-like receptor 4 is required for lipopolysaccharide-induced metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and is associated with poor survival in patients, signifying its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
		Research article Intracranial hemorrhage in adult patients with hematological malignancies Chien-Yuan Chen, Chan-Hwei Tai, Aristine Cheng, Hung-Chang Wu, Woei Tsay, Jia-Hau Liu, Pey-Ying Chen, Shang-Yi Huang, Ming Yao, Jih-Luh Tang, Hwei-Fang Tien BMC Medicine 2012, 10:97 (29 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is more common in patients with acute myeloid leukemia compared with other hematological malignancies, suggesting that these patients should be monitored for ICH to assess prognosis and guide treatment strategies.
		Research article Tamoxifen for the management of breast events induced by non-steroidal antiandrogens in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review Frank Kunath, Bastian Keck, Gerd Antes, Bernd Wullich, Joerg J Meerpohl BMC Medicine 2012, 10:96 (28 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Evidence from a systematic review suggests that tamoxifen is effective for the prevention and treatment of breast events in men undergoing anti-androgen treatment for prostate cancer, although dose and long-term adverse effects need to be determined.
		Review Physiopathology of intratendinous calcific deposition Francesco Oliva, Alessio Via, Nicola Maffulli BMC Medicine 2012, 10:95 (23 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The etiopathogenesis of calcific tendinopathy is controversial and therapeutic development relies on further research; Nicola Maffulli and colleagues review the current theories and recent evidence to explain the underlying causes of this complex condition.
		Research article Human amniotic fluid stem cell injection therapy for urethral sphincter regeneration in an animal model Bum Kim, So Chun, Jong Lee, Hyun Lim, Jae-sung Bae, Ho-Yun Chung, Anthony Atala, Shay Soker, James J Yoo, Tae Kwon BMC Medicine 2012, 10:94 (21 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Human amniotic fluid stem cells can differentiate into muscle cells and restore urethral sphincter function in a mouse model of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), suggesting that they could be a new non-invasive therapeutic option for SUI.
		Review Genetic, environmental and stochastic factors in monozygotic twin discordance with a focus on epigenetic differences Witold Czyz, Julia M Morahan, George C Ebers, Sreeram V Ramagopalan BMC Medicine 2012, 10:93 (17 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Monozygotic twins inherit identical genomes, but they can have phenotypic differences, traditionally explained by non-shared environmental factors; George Ebers and colleagues review other reasons behind discordance, focusing on epigenetics.
		Debate Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs against antipsychotic-induced weight gain: potential physiological benefits Bjørn H Ebdrup, Filip K Knop, Pelle L Ishøy, Egill Rostrup, Birgitte Fagerlund, Henrik Lublin, Birte Glenthøj BMC Medicine 2012, 10:92 (15 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Overweight is a major side effect of antipsychotic drugs so Bjørn H Ebdrup et al. propose analogs of glucagon-like peptide-1, which cause weight loss in diabetics, can be used to treat antipsychotic-induced weight gain in schizophrenic patients.
		Research article Maintenance N-acetyl cysteine treatment for bipolar disorder: A double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial Michael Berk, Olivia M Dean, Sue M Cotton, Clarissa S Gama, Flavio Kapczinski, Brisa Fernandes, Kristy Kohlmann, Susan Jeavons, Karen Hewitt, Kirsteen Moss, Christine Allwang, Ian Schapkaitz, Heidi Cobb, Ashley I Bush, Seetal Dodd, Gin S Malhi BMC Medicine 2012, 10:91 (14 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Evidence from a clinical trial suggests that N-acetyl cysteine, which has previously demonstrated antidepressant properties, does not have long-term efficacy for bipolar disorder, in contrast to the results of a previous trial.
		Commentary A mathematical model to guide antibiotic treatment strategies Albert Sotto, Jean-Philippe Lavigne BMC Medicine 2012, 10:90 (13 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Sotto and Lavigne comment on a study showing that mechanisms of antibiotic resistance should be taken into account to guide treatment strategies, and discuss how a multidisciplinary approach should be used to overcome multidrug-resistant infections.
		Research article Implications of stress-induced genetic variation for minimizing multidrug resistance in bacteria Uri Obolski, Lilach Hadany BMC Medicine 2012, 10:89 (13 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A mathematical model shows that cycling and mixing strategies are effective against antibiotic-resistant infection when resistance occurs via horizontal gene transfer, suggesting that resistance mechanism should be considered in treatment decisions.
		Review State of progress in treating cystic fibrosis respiratory disease Patrick A Flume, Donald R Van Devanter BMC Medicine 2012, 10:88 (10 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Patrick Flume and Donald VanDevanter review the latest developments in determining the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF), and highlight the improved therapies targeted towards treating lung disease in CF patients.
		Commentary The failure of protein cancer biomarkers to reach the clinic: why, and what can be done to address the problem? Eleftherios P Diamandis BMC Medicine 2012, 10:87 (9 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Despite the discovery of many biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, very few have been used within the clinical setting; Eleftherios Diamandis explains the reasons behind the incongruity, discussing potential solutions for this issue.
		Research article Physiologic variations of serum tumor markers in gynecological malignancies during pregnancy: a systematic review Sileny N Han, Anouk Lotgerink, Mina Gziri, Kristel Van Calsteren, Myriam Hanssens, Frédéric Amant BMC Medicine 2012, 10:86 (8 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Evidence from a systematic review suggests that gynecological tumor marker levels can increase during normal pregnancy, indicating that elevated markers alone should not lead to invasive diagnostic procedures that could put the fetus at risk.
		Research article CD133⁺CXCR4⁺colon cancer cells exhibit metastatic potential and predict poor prognosis of patients Shan-shan Zhang, Zhi-peng Han, Ying-ying Jing, Shuang-fen Tao, Tie-jun Li, Hao Wang, Yang Wang, Rong Li, Yang Yang, Xue Zhao, Xiao-dong Xu, En-da Yu, Yao-cheng Rui, Hou-jia Liu, Li Zhang, Li-xin Wei BMC Medicine 2012, 10:85 (7 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Colon cancer cells expressing CD133 and CXCR4 are associated with metastasis and reduced survival in patients, and blocking CXCR4 in a mouse model inhibits tumor growth, which suggests that these proteins could be targeted in colon cancer therapy.
		Research article Germinal center kinase-like kinase (GLK/MAP4K3) expression is increased in adult-onset Still's disease and may act as an activity marker Der-Yuan Chen, Huai-Chia Chuang, Joung-Liang Lan, Yi-Ming Chen, Wei-Ting Hung, Kuo-Lung Lai, Tse-Hua Tan BMC Medicine 2012, 10:84 (6 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Disease activity of adult-onset Still's disease, a rare form of inflammatory arthritis, can be measured by using levels of germinal center kinase-like kinase (GLK) as a biomarker for pathogenesis, which can be useful in establishing therapy efficacy.
		Commentary Medicine, morality and health care social media Farris K Timimi BMC Medicine 2012, 10:83 (2 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Farris Timimi comments on the growing popularity of social media, and discusses how this can be used as an effective tool for physicians to help patients gain better understanding about clinical research.
		Research article Gender and the treatment of immune-mediated chronic inflammatory diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis: an observational study Nienke Lesuis, Ragnar Befrits, Filippa Nyberg, Ronald F van Vollenhoven BMC Medicine 2012, 10:82 (1 August 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Women have more severe disease than men before treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease, suggesting that immune-mediated diseases have a greater effect on women, which could inform future treatment decisions.
		Review The role of barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration and restoration of large bone defects: current experimental and clinical evidence Rozalia Dimitriou, George I Mataliotakis, Giorgio Calori, Peter V Giannoudis BMC Medicine 2012, 10:81 (26 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Healing of large bone defects is challenging, but barrier membranes are being developed to treat these in a single step; Peter Giannoudis and colleagues review clinical evidence on the regenerative properties of membranes and highlight the need for further research.
		Research article Antitumor activity of phenethyl isothiocyanate in HER2-positive breast cancer models Parul Gupta, Sanjay K Srivastava BMC Medicine 2012, 10:80 (24 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) has anti-tumor activity in HER2-expressing breast cancer cells and enhances the efficacy of doxorubicin, offering a potential new therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer in those resistant to trastuzumab.
		Editorial Advances in sports nutrition, exercise and medicine: Olympic issues, the legacy and beyond Mike Carmont BMC Medicine 2012, 10:79 (19 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary Mike Carmont launches our new article collection 'Advances in Sports Nutrition, Exercise and Medicine', with an editorial, discussing how research in this area has consequences for the general public as well as athletes.
		Technical advance The Transeurope Footrace Project: longitudinal data acquisition in a cluster randomized mobile MRI observational cohort study on 44 endurance runners at a 64-stage 4,486km transcontinental ultramarathon Uwe HW Schütz, Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss, Beat Knechtle, Jürgen Machann, Heike Wiedelbach, Martin Ehrhardt, Wolfgang Freund, Stefan Gröninger, Horst Brunner, Ingo Schulze, Hans-Jürgen Brambs, Christian Billich BMC Medicine 2012, 10:78 (19 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Physiological changes in 44 ultramarathon runners over the course of a 4487 km race can be evaluated using a mobile MRI scanner, as well as metabolic and psychological tests, which could can demonstrate the processes occurring at the limits of endurance
		Commentary Ultramarathon is an outstanding model for the study of adaptive responses to extreme load and stress Grégoire P Millet, Guillaume Y Millet BMC Medicine 2012, 10:77 (19 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Gregoire and Guillaume Millet discuss how the findings of a recent study where physiological changes in ultramarathon runners were assessed by a mobile MRI scanner can shed light on how the body adapts to stress.
		Editorial Born to run. Studying the limits of human performance Andrew Murray, Ricardo JS Costa BMC Medicine 2012, 10:76 (19 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Ultramarathon runners Andrew Murray and Ricardo Costa discuss how the Schutz et al. study, which presents methods to assess physiological changes during a 4487 km race as part of the TransEurope Footrace Project, has implications for endurance athletes.
		Research article The effectiveness of neuromuscular warm-up strategies, that require no additional equipment, for preventing lower limb injuries during sports participation: a systematic review Katherine Herman, Christian Barton, Peter Malliaras, Dylan Morrissey BMC Medicine 2012, 10:75 (19 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A systematic review and meta-analysis finds that simple neuromuscular warm-up techniques involving no additional equipment can reduce lower extremity injury incidence, so should be considered as part of athletic training.
		Editorial Sport and exercise medicine and the Olympic health legacy Garry A Tew, Robert J Copeland, Simon H Till BMC Medicine 2012, 10:74 (19 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The Olympic Legacy aims to use the forthcoming Games as a catalyst for promoting a healthier, more active lifestyle; Simon Till and colleagues highlight how specialists can contribute to this change, as well as the barriers that may prevent success
		Research article Open access versus subscription journals: a comparison of scientific impact Bo-Christer Björk, David Solomon BMC Medicine 2012, 10:73 (17 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary The scientific impact of articles published in open access (OA) and subscription journals are similar when journal discipline, location of publisher and age of publication are compared, which is particularly true in medicine and health, where OA journals founded in the last 10 years receive on average as many citations as subscription journals launched during the same time.
		Research article Antiviral activity of Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM1005-A on human papillomavirus type 16 Min-Kyeong Cha, Do-Kyung Lee, Hyang-Mi An, Si-Won Lee, Seon-Hee Shin, Jeong-Hyun Kwon, Kyung-Jae Kim, Nam-Joo Ha BMC Medicine 2012, 10:72 (12 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) conducts antiviral activity via suppression of specific oncogenes; a finding which can lead to potential applications for prevention of HPV-associated cervical cancer.
		Research article A cluster randomized trial to assess the effect of clinical pathways for patients with stroke: results of the clinical pathways for effective and appropriate care study Massimiliano Panella, Sara Marchisio, Romeo Brambilla, Kris Vanhaecht, Francesco Di Stanislao BMC Medicine 2012, 10:71 (10 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary The Clinical Pathways for Effective and Appropriate Care (CPEAC) trial shows that ischemic stroke patients have lower 7-day mortality, and are more likely to return to daily life, following structured care treatment compared with usual care.
		Commentary Commentary on a GWAS: HDAC9 and the risk for ischaemic stroke Werner Hacke, Caspar Grond-Ginsbach BMC Medicine 2012, 10:70 (9 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Hacke and Grond-Ginsbach comment on a recent GWAS identifying a variant in HDAC9 associated with large vessel stroke, and discuss how different variants associated with distinct stroke subtypes could be used as predictors of risk.
		Research article Month of birth, vitamin D and risk of immune-mediated disease: a case control study Giulio Disanto, George Chaplin, Julia M Morahan, Gavin Giovannoni, Elina Hyppönen, George C Ebers, Sreeram V Ramagopalan BMC Medicine 2012, 10:69 (6 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary A large study finds a link between month of birth and prevalence of common immune-mediated diseases, which may be mediated by UVB light exposure and vitamin D status during gestation, providing insight for disease prevention strategies.
		Research article Development and description of measurement properties of an instrument to assess treatment burden among patients with multiple chronic conditions Viet-Thi Tran, Victor M Montori, David T Eton, Dan Baruch, Bruno Falissard, Philippe Ravaud BMC Medicine 2012, 10:68 (4 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ) can be used to reliably assess the effect of chronic disease treatment on a patient's quality of life, and could aid in the development of more acceptable regimes, improving patient adherence to treatment.
		Opinion Mirroring everyday clinical practice in clinical trial design: a new concept to improve the external validity of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials in the pharmacological treatment of major depression Emanuel Severus, Florian Seemüller, Michael Berger, Sandra Dittmann, Michael Obermeier, Andrea Pfennig, Michael Riedel, Sophia Frangou, Hans-Jürgen Möller, Michael Bauer BMC Medicine 2012, 10:67 (2 July 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary In clinical trials for depression, blinded placebo use could influence outcome; Emanuel Severus et al. propose an alternative design whereby patients can choose to receive treatment and are informed of the benefits, in order to improve trial validity.
		Review Depression and sickness behavior are Janus-faced responses to shared inflammatory pathways Michael Maes, Michael Berk, Lisa Goehler, Cai Song, George Anderson, Piotr Gałecki, Brian Leonard BMC Medicine 2012, 10:66 (29 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Michael Maes and colleagues review the protective role of inflammation in sickness behavior, in contrast to negative symptoms associated with depression, and suggest these shared immuno-inflammatory pathways can explain the phenomenological similarities between the two conditions.
		Research article A systematic review of the effects of residency training on patient outcomes Renée M van der Leeuw, Kiki MJMH Lombarts, Onyebuchi A Arah, Maas Jan Heineman BMC Medicine 2012, 10:65 (28 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A systematic review suggests that patient care is safe and of equal quality when delivered by residents compared with experienced doctors, suggesting that training programs are effective when residents are adequately supervised.
		Research article A stable pattern of EEG spectral coherence distinguishes children with autism from neuro-typical controls - a large case control study Frank H Duffy, Heidelise Als BMC Medicine 2012, 10:64 (26 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary A large scale study assessing electroencephalography (EEG) patterns in children diagnosed with autism and matched controls identifies differences between these groups, which could be used to provide an EEG signature for autism diagnosis.
		Commentary Attention bias modification: the Emperor's new suit? Paul MG Emmelkamp BMC Medicine 2012, 10:63 (25 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A recent double-blind RCT reports, contrary to previous studies, that internet-delivered attention bias modification training for social anxiety disorder can be limited by delivery of training; here Paul Emmelkamp comments on other factors which can affect the effectiveness of internet-based therapies.
		Research article Coronary collaterals and risk for restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions: a meta-analysis Pascal Meier, Andreas Indermuehle, Bertram Pitt, Tobias Traupe, Stefano F de Marchi, Tom Crake, Guido Knapp, Alexandra J Lansky, Christian Seiler BMC Medicine 2012, 10:62 (21 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary A meta-analysis finds that increased coronary collateral circulation after a heart attack augments the risk of restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), so could be a useful marker in risk stratification.
		Research article Metabolic profiling detects early effects of environmental and lifestyle exposure to cadmium in a human population James K Ellis, Toby J Athersuch, Laura DK Thomas, Friederike Teichert, Miriam Pérez-Trujillo, Claus Svendsen, David J Spurgeon, Rajinder Singh, Lars Järup, Jacob G Bundy, Hector C Keun BMC Medicine 2012, 10:61 (19 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary Metabolic profiling using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can detect biomarkers of cadmium exposure at levels below the threshold for renal damage, so can be used to assess disease risk in people living near sources of pollution.
		Research article Resitting a high-stakes postgraduate medical examination on multiple occasions: nonlinear multilevel modelling of performance in the MRCP(UK) examinations IC McManus, Katarzyna Ludka BMC Medicine 2012, 10:60 (14 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary Mathematical modeling shows that performance at MRCP(UK) (Membership of the Royal Colleges of Physicians) medical examinations improves with resits until at least the fourth attempt; should the pass mark increase with multiple attempts to allow only candidates who have improved to succeed?
		Commentary A commentary on TREAT: The trial of early aggressive drug therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis Eileen Baildam BMC Medicine 2012, 10:59 (13 June 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Eileen Baildam comments on TREAT, a recent trial on early aggressive treatment of polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), where Carol Wallace et al. identifies a crucial timeframe to administer therapy for the best chance of achieving clinical inactive state of the disease.