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		Research article Predominant membrane localization is an essential feature of the bacterial signal recognition particle receptor Miryana Mircheva, Diana Boy, Benjamin Weiche, Friederike Hucke, Peter Graumann, Hans-Georg Koch BMC Biology 2009, 7:76 (13 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Bacterial signal recognition particle receptor (FtsY) is almost exclusively membrane-bound in vivo and this localization is important for its role in cotranslational targeting, overturning previous indications that it functioned as a cytosolic protein.
		Research article A genome-wide synthetic dosage lethality screen reveals multiple pathways that require the functioning of ubiquitin-binding proteins Rad23 and Dsk2 Chang Liu, Dewald van Dyk, Yue Li, Brenda Andrews, Hai Rao BMC Biology 2009, 7:75 (12 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary An approach to identifying the physiological targets of ubiquitin receptors and the biological circuits they regulate is validated by screening for genes whose overexpression slows the growth of yeast cells lacking the ubiquitin-binding proteins Rad23 and Dsk2
		Research article A remarkable diversity of bone-eating worms (Osedax; Siboglinidae; Annelida) Robert C Vrijenhoek, Shannon B Johnson, Greg W Rouse BMC Biology 2009, 7:74 (10 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Twelve additional evolutionary lineages of Osedax worms significantly expand the known diversity of this genus of mouthless marine bone-eaters, and date the split from their siboglinid relatives to between 20 and 45 million years ago.
		Research article Large-scale insertional mutagenesis of a coleopteran stored grain pest, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, identifies embryonic lethal mutations and enhancer traps Jochen Trauner, Johannes Schinko, Marcé D Lorenzen, Teresa D Shippy, Ernst A Wimmer, Richard W Beeman, Martin Klingler, Gregor Bucher, Susan J Brown BMC Biology 2009, 7:73 (5 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary A major genome-wide transposon mutagenesis screen in the red flour beetle sets the scene for future genetic analyses in this increasingly important model organism, and the same screening procedure can be potentially applied to other insects.
		Research article Massively parallel tag sequencing reveals the complexity of anaerobic marine protistan communities Thorsten Stoeck, Anke Behnke, Richard Christen, Linda Amaral-Zettler, Maria J Rodriguez-Mora, Andrei Chistoserdov, William Orsi, Virginia P Edgcomb BMC Biology 2009, 7:72 (3 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary High-throughput parallel tag sequencing combined with a novel bioinformatic pipeline detects a rich diversity of protists in two contrasting anoxic marine environments, finding many taxon groups missed by previous clone-based surveys.
		Research article The scent of supercolonies: the discovery, synthesis and behavioural verification of ant colony recognition cues Miriam Brandt, Ellen van Wilgenburg, Robert Sulc, Kenneth J Shea, Neil D Tsutsui BMC Biology 2009, 7:71 (28 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Specific cuticular hydrocarbons isolated from Argentine ants have been synthesised in pure form and shown to act as colony recognition cues, capable of triggering aggression in this supercolony-forming invasive species.
		Research article Genetical genomic determinants of alcohol consumption in rats and humans Boris Tabakoff, Laura Saba, Morton Printz, Pam Flodman, Colin Hodgkinson, David Goldman, George Koob, Heather N Richardson, Katerina Kechris, Richard L Bell, Norbert Hübner, Matthias Heinig, Michal Pravenec, Jonathan Mangion, Lucie Legault, Maurice Dongier, Katherine M Conigrave, John B Whitfield, John Saunders, Bridget Grant, Paula L Hoffman, WHO/ISBRA Study on State and Trait Markers of Alcoholism BMC Biology 2009, 7:70 (27 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Genetic pathways involving appetite, satiety and reward affect alcohol consumption in rats and humans, specifically GABAergic and dopaminergic signaling, but genes in these pathways are not linked to alcohol dependence or abuse in people.
		Research article Evidence for the adaptation of protein pH-dependence to subcellular pH Pedro Chan, Jim Warwicker BMC Biology 2009, 7:69 (22 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The pH at which proteins are predicted to be most stable relates to the location of their histidine residues, and the average for all proteins in a subcellular compartment correlates closely with local pH.
		Research article TonB-dependent transporters and their occurrence in cyanobacteria Oliver Mirus, Sascha Strauss, Kerstin Nicolaisen, Arndt von Haeseler, Enrico Schleiff BMC Biology 2009, 7:68 (12 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Cyanobacteria have atypical TonB-dependent iron transporters that depend on iron, copper or nitrogen for their expression.
		Research article Retinoic acid enhances skeletal muscle progenitor formation and bypasses inhibition by bone morphogenetic protein 4 but not dominant negative β-catenin Karen AM Kennedy, Tammy Porter, Virja Mehta, Scott D Ryan, Feodor Price, Vian Peshdary, Christina Karamboulas, Josée Savage, Thomas A Drysdale, Shun-Cheng Li, Steffany AL Bennett, Ilona S Skerjanc BMC Biology 2009, 7:67 (8 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Retinoic acid enhances skeletal myogenesis in stem cells by activating mesodermal and muscle progenitor genes and beta-catenin, and inhibits cardiomyogenesis by downregulating BMP4 signaling.
		Research article Recombination and insertion events involving the botulinum neurotoxin complex genes in Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E and F and Clostridium butyricum type E strains Karen K Hill, Gary Xie, Brian T Foley, Theresa J Smith, Amy C Munk, David Bruce, Leonard A Smith, Thomas S Brettin, John C Detter BMC Biology 2009, 7:66 (5 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Botulinum neurotoxin genes in Clostridium strains are found associated with insertion elements and recombinases, and show evidence of many recombination events, supporting the importance of horizontal gene transfer and recombination in pathogen evolution.
		Research article Coordinated spatial and temporal expression of Hox genes during embryogenesis in the acoel Convolutriloba longifissura Andreas Hejnol, Mark Q Martindale BMC Biology 2009, 7:65 (1 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Hox expression in an acoel, the probable sister group of bilaterians, suggests that the Hox genes of ancestral bilateral animals originally controlled anterior-posterior patterning of the nervous system before being co-opted to pattern other tissues.
		Research article Dual control by a single gene of secondary sexual characters and mating preferences in medaka Shoji Fukamachi, Masato Kinoshita, Kouichi Aizawa, Shoji Oda, Axel Meyer, Hiroshi Mitani BMC Biology 2009, 7:64 (29 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary A somatolactin mutation in medaka fish that reduces orange pigmentation makes them unattractive to all medaka but those carrying the mutation, suggesting that a single mutation can trigger assortative mating leading to speciation.
		Research article c-Myc affects mRNA translation, cell proliferation and progenitor cell function in the mammary gland Tina Stoelzle, Patrick Schwarb, Andreas Trumpp, Nancy E Hynes BMC Biology 2009, 7:63 (28 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary c-myc knockout mice have slower alveolar cell proliferation in the mammary gland during pregnancy and less efficient translation of mRNAs involved in milk production, showing c-Myc to be important for pregnancy and lactation in mice.
		Research article scribble mutants promote aPKC and JNK-dependent epithelial neoplasia independently of Crumbs Gregory R Leong, Karen R Goulding, Nancy Amin, Helena E Richardson, Anthony M Brumby BMC Biology 2009, 7:62 (24 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary Scribble, a cell polarity regulator in Drosophila, represses tumorigenesis by inhibiting atypical protein kinase C and Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent pathways, and this might be relevant for how human Scrib restrains oncogene-mediated transformation.
		Research article Genes encoding novel secreted and transmembrane proteins are temporally and spatially regulated during Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis Alejandro Zúñiga, Christian Hödar, Patricia Hanna, Freddy Ibáñez, Pablo Moreno, Rodrigo Pulgar, Luis Pastenes, Mauricio González, Verónica Cambiazo BMC Biology 2009, 7:61 (22 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Many previously uncharacterized genes uncovered by a subtractive hybridization analysis of early Drosophila development are spatiotemporally regulated during embryogenesis, including genes encoding a set of secreted and transmembrane proteins.
		Research article Genetic determinants of mate recognition in Brachionus manjavacas (Rotifera) Terry W Snell, Tonya L Shearer, Hilary A Smith, Julia Kubanek, Kristin E Gribble, David B Mark Welch BMC Biology 2009, 7:60 (9 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The rotifer mate recognition pheromone gene has been isolated from female animals and has been shown to affect male mating behavior, which should prove valuable in studying the evolution and speciation of these tiny aquatic animals.
		Research article Receptor oligomerization and beyond: a case study in bone morphogenetic proteins Kai Heinecke, Axel Seher, Werner Schmitz, Thomas D Mueller, Walter Sebald, Joachim Nickel BMC Biology 2009, 7:59 (7 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary At low concentrations, bone morphogenetic proteins can bind preformed receptors to give rapid transient signals, while at high concentrations, they bind single receptor chains then recruit others to generate sustained and diverse signals through different oligomeric complexes.
		Research article Light-dependent roles of the G-protein α subunit GNA1 of Hypocrea jecorina (anamorph Trichoderma reesei) Christian Seibel, Gabriela Gremel, Roberto do Nascimento Silva, André Schuster, Christian P Kubicek, Monika Schmoll BMC Biology 2009, 7:58 (3 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The G-protein signaling subunit GNA1 modulates growth of the fungus Trichoderma reesei, responding to environmental cues such as carbon source and light, and altering the regulation of cellulase expression.
		Research article Phylogeographic analysis reveals association of tick-borne pathogen, Anaplasma marginale, MSP1a sequences with ecological traits affecting tick vector performance Agustín Estrada-Peña, Victoria Naranjo, Karina Acevedo-Whitehouse, Atilio J Mangold, Katherine M Kocan, José de la Fuente BMC Biology 2009, 7:57 (1 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Sequence divergence of the major surface protein MSP1a of the intracellular bacterial parasite Anaplasma indicates different evolutionary pressures in different ecoregions, and a role for environmental factors that affect the tick vector.
		Research article Golgi localisation of GMAP210 requires two distinct cis-membrane binding mechanisms Jesus Cardenas, Sabrina Rivero, Bruno Goud, Michel Bornens, Rosa M Rios BMC Biology 2009, 7:56 (28 August 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The cis-Golgi protein GMAP210 maintains the integrity of Golgi ribbons by linking cisternal stacks, anchoring cisternae surfaces with its C-terminus and projecting its N-terminus to bind to neighboring cis-cisternae.
		Research article δ-Opioid receptor activation attenuates oxidative injury in the ischemic rat brain Yilin Yang, Xiwei Xia, Yi Zhang, Qiang Wang, Lu Li, Guanghua Luo, Ying Xia BMC Biology 2009, 7:55 (26 August 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Activating delta-opioid receptors in a rat model of stroke attenuates oxidative injury by increasing activation of antioxidants and decreasing levels of free radicals, which helps to explain the neuroprotective properties of these receptors.
		Research article Antibiotic treatment leads to the elimination of Wolbachia endosymbionts and sterility in the diplodiploid collembolan Folsomia candida Nathan Pike, Rachel Kingcombe BMC Biology 2009, 7:54 (24 August 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Antibiotic treatment that eliminates Wolbachia from the cells of its insect host Folsomia candida leads to total sterility of females, implying a role for this bacterial endosymbiont in the parthenogenetic reproduction of a diplodiploid species.
		Research article Control of chicken CR1 retrotransposons is independent of Dicer-mediated RNA interference pathway Sung-Hun Lee, Preethi Eldi, Soo-Young Cho, Danny Rangasamy BMC Biology 2009, 7:53 (19 August 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Chicken CR1 transposable elements remain largely silent in the absence of Dicer, unlike human LINE1 elements whose activity increases upon Dicer knockdown and a loss of RNAi-mediated control.
		Research article Connexin channels and phospholipids: association and modulation Darren Locke, Andrew L Harris BMC Biology 2009, 7:52 (17 August 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Specific endogenous anionic phospholipids tightly associate with two isoforms of connexin unpaired hemichannels and gap junction plaques, contributing to connexin channel activity by altering membrane charge and potentials.

	All
		Research article Predominant membrane localization is an essential feature of the bacterial signal recognition particle receptor Miryana Mircheva, Diana Boy, Benjamin Weiche, Friederike Hucke, Peter Graumann, Hans-Georg Koch BMC Biology 2009, 7:76 (13 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Bacterial signal recognition particle receptor (FtsY) is almost exclusively membrane-bound in vivo and this localization is important for its role in cotranslational targeting, overturning previous indications that it functioned as a cytosolic protein.
		Research article A genome-wide synthetic dosage lethality screen reveals multiple pathways that require the functioning of ubiquitin-binding proteins Rad23 and Dsk2 Chang Liu, Dewald van Dyk, Yue Li, Brenda Andrews, Hai Rao BMC Biology 2009, 7:75 (12 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary An approach to identifying the physiological targets of ubiquitin receptors and the biological circuits they regulate is validated by screening for genes whose overexpression slows the growth of yeast cells lacking the ubiquitin-binding proteins Rad23 and Dsk2
		Research article A remarkable diversity of bone-eating worms (Osedax; Siboglinidae; Annelida) Robert C Vrijenhoek, Shannon B Johnson, Greg W Rouse BMC Biology 2009, 7:74 (10 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Twelve additional evolutionary lineages of Osedax worms significantly expand the known diversity of this genus of mouthless marine bone-eaters, and date the split from their siboglinid relatives to between 20 and 45 million years ago.
		Research article Large-scale insertional mutagenesis of a coleopteran stored grain pest, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, identifies embryonic lethal mutations and enhancer traps Jochen Trauner, Johannes Schinko, Marcé D Lorenzen, Teresa D Shippy, Ernst A Wimmer, Richard W Beeman, Martin Klingler, Gregor Bucher, Susan J Brown BMC Biology 2009, 7:73 (5 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary A major genome-wide transposon mutagenesis screen in the red flour beetle sets the scene for future genetic analyses in this increasingly important model organism, and the same screening procedure can be potentially applied to other insects.
		Research article Massively parallel tag sequencing reveals the complexity of anaerobic marine protistan communities Thorsten Stoeck, Anke Behnke, Richard Christen, Linda Amaral-Zettler, Maria J Rodriguez-Mora, Andrei Chistoserdov, William Orsi, Virginia P Edgcomb BMC Biology 2009, 7:72 (3 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary High-throughput parallel tag sequencing combined with a novel bioinformatic pipeline detects a rich diversity of protists in two contrasting anoxic marine environments, finding many taxon groups missed by previous clone-based surveys.
		Research article The scent of supercolonies: the discovery, synthesis and behavioural verification of ant colony recognition cues Miriam Brandt, Ellen van Wilgenburg, Robert Sulc, Kenneth J Shea, Neil D Tsutsui BMC Biology 2009, 7:71 (28 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Specific cuticular hydrocarbons isolated from Argentine ants have been synthesised in pure form and shown to act as colony recognition cues, capable of triggering aggression in this supercolony-forming invasive species.
		Research article Genetical genomic determinants of alcohol consumption in rats and humans Boris Tabakoff, Laura Saba, Morton Printz, Pam Flodman, Colin Hodgkinson, David Goldman, George Koob, Heather N Richardson, Katerina Kechris, Richard L Bell, Norbert Hübner, Matthias Heinig, Michal Pravenec, Jonathan Mangion, Lucie Legault, Maurice Dongier, Katherine M Conigrave, John B Whitfield, John Saunders, Bridget Grant, Paula L Hoffman, WHO/ISBRA Study on State and Trait Markers of Alcoholism BMC Biology 2009, 7:70 (27 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Genetic pathways involving appetite, satiety and reward affect alcohol consumption in rats and humans, specifically GABAergic and dopaminergic signaling, but genes in these pathways are not linked to alcohol dependence or abuse in people.
		Research article Evidence for the adaptation of protein pH-dependence to subcellular pH Pedro Chan, Jim Warwicker BMC Biology 2009, 7:69 (22 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The pH at which proteins are predicted to be most stable relates to the location of their histidine residues, and the average for all proteins in a subcellular compartment correlates closely with local pH.
		Research article TonB-dependent transporters and their occurrence in cyanobacteria Oliver Mirus, Sascha Strauss, Kerstin Nicolaisen, Arndt von Haeseler, Enrico Schleiff BMC Biology 2009, 7:68 (12 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Cyanobacteria have atypical TonB-dependent iron transporters that depend on iron, copper or nitrogen for their expression.
		Research article Retinoic acid enhances skeletal muscle progenitor formation and bypasses inhibition by bone morphogenetic protein 4 but not dominant negative β-catenin Karen AM Kennedy, Tammy Porter, Virja Mehta, Scott D Ryan, Feodor Price, Vian Peshdary, Christina Karamboulas, Josée Savage, Thomas A Drysdale, Shun-Cheng Li, Steffany AL Bennett, Ilona S Skerjanc BMC Biology 2009, 7:67 (8 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Retinoic acid enhances skeletal myogenesis in stem cells by activating mesodermal and muscle progenitor genes and beta-catenin, and inhibits cardiomyogenesis by downregulating BMP4 signaling.
		Research article Recombination and insertion events involving the botulinum neurotoxin complex genes in Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E and F and Clostridium butyricum type E strains Karen K Hill, Gary Xie, Brian T Foley, Theresa J Smith, Amy C Munk, David Bruce, Leonard A Smith, Thomas S Brettin, John C Detter BMC Biology 2009, 7:66 (5 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Botulinum neurotoxin genes in Clostridium strains are found associated with insertion elements and recombinases, and show evidence of many recombination events, supporting the importance of horizontal gene transfer and recombination in pathogen evolution.
		Research article Coordinated spatial and temporal expression of Hox genes during embryogenesis in the acoel Convolutriloba longifissura Andreas Hejnol, Mark Q Martindale BMC Biology 2009, 7:65 (1 October 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Hox expression in an acoel, the probable sister group of bilaterians, suggests that the Hox genes of ancestral bilateral animals originally controlled anterior-posterior patterning of the nervous system before being co-opted to pattern other tissues.
		Research article Dual control by a single gene of secondary sexual characters and mating preferences in medaka Shoji Fukamachi, Masato Kinoshita, Kouichi Aizawa, Shoji Oda, Axel Meyer, Hiroshi Mitani BMC Biology 2009, 7:64 (29 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary A somatolactin mutation in medaka fish that reduces orange pigmentation makes them unattractive to all medaka but those carrying the mutation, suggesting that a single mutation can trigger assortative mating leading to speciation.
		Research article c-Myc affects mRNA translation, cell proliferation and progenitor cell function in the mammary gland Tina Stoelzle, Patrick Schwarb, Andreas Trumpp, Nancy E Hynes BMC Biology 2009, 7:63 (28 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary c-myc knockout mice have slower alveolar cell proliferation in the mammary gland during pregnancy and less efficient translation of mRNAs involved in milk production, showing c-Myc to be important for pregnancy and lactation in mice.
		Research article scribble mutants promote aPKC and JNK-dependent epithelial neoplasia independently of Crumbs Gregory R Leong, Karen R Goulding, Nancy Amin, Helena E Richardson, Anthony M Brumby BMC Biology 2009, 7:62 (24 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary Scribble, a cell polarity regulator in Drosophila, represses tumorigenesis by inhibiting atypical protein kinase C and Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent pathways, and this might be relevant for how human Scrib restrains oncogene-mediated transformation.
		Research article Genes encoding novel secreted and transmembrane proteins are temporally and spatially regulated during Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis Alejandro Zúñiga, Christian Hödar, Patricia Hanna, Freddy Ibáñez, Pablo Moreno, Rodrigo Pulgar, Luis Pastenes, Mauricio González, Verónica Cambiazo BMC Biology 2009, 7:61 (22 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Many previously uncharacterized genes uncovered by a subtractive hybridization analysis of early Drosophila development are spatiotemporally regulated during embryogenesis, including genes encoding a set of secreted and transmembrane proteins.
		Research article Genetic determinants of mate recognition in Brachionus manjavacas (Rotifera) Terry W Snell, Tonya L Shearer, Hilary A Smith, Julia Kubanek, Kristin E Gribble, David B Mark Welch BMC Biology 2009, 7:60 (9 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The rotifer mate recognition pheromone gene has been isolated from female animals and has been shown to affect male mating behavior, which should prove valuable in studying the evolution and speciation of these tiny aquatic animals.
		Research article Receptor oligomerization and beyond: a case study in bone morphogenetic proteins Kai Heinecke, Axel Seher, Werner Schmitz, Thomas D Mueller, Walter Sebald, Joachim Nickel BMC Biology 2009, 7:59 (7 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary At low concentrations, bone morphogenetic proteins can bind preformed receptors to give rapid transient signals, while at high concentrations, they bind single receptor chains then recruit others to generate sustained and diverse signals through different oligomeric complexes.
		Research article Light-dependent roles of the G-protein α subunit GNA1 of Hypocrea jecorina (anamorph Trichoderma reesei) Christian Seibel, Gabriela Gremel, Roberto do Nascimento Silva, André Schuster, Christian P Kubicek, Monika Schmoll BMC Biology 2009, 7:58 (3 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The G-protein signaling subunit GNA1 modulates growth of the fungus Trichoderma reesei, responding to environmental cues such as carbon source and light, and altering the regulation of cellulase expression.
		Research article Phylogeographic analysis reveals association of tick-borne pathogen, Anaplasma marginale, MSP1a sequences with ecological traits affecting tick vector performance Agustín Estrada-Peña, Victoria Naranjo, Karina Acevedo-Whitehouse, Atilio J Mangold, Katherine M Kocan, José de la Fuente BMC Biology 2009, 7:57 (1 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Sequence divergence of the major surface protein MSP1a of the intracellular bacterial parasite Anaplasma indicates different evolutionary pressures in different ecoregions, and a role for environmental factors that affect the tick vector.
		Research article Golgi localisation of GMAP210 requires two distinct cis-membrane binding mechanisms Jesus Cardenas, Sabrina Rivero, Bruno Goud, Michel Bornens, Rosa M Rios BMC Biology 2009, 7:56 (28 August 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The cis-Golgi protein GMAP210 maintains the integrity of Golgi ribbons by linking cisternal stacks, anchoring cisternae surfaces with its C-terminus and projecting its N-terminus to bind to neighboring cis-cisternae.
		Research article δ-Opioid receptor activation attenuates oxidative injury in the ischemic rat brain Yilin Yang, Xiwei Xia, Yi Zhang, Qiang Wang, Lu Li, Guanghua Luo, Ying Xia BMC Biology 2009, 7:55 (26 August 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Activating delta-opioid receptors in a rat model of stroke attenuates oxidative injury by increasing activation of antioxidants and decreasing levels of free radicals, which helps to explain the neuroprotective properties of these receptors.
		Research article Antibiotic treatment leads to the elimination of Wolbachia endosymbionts and sterility in the diplodiploid collembolan Folsomia candida Nathan Pike, Rachel Kingcombe BMC Biology 2009, 7:54 (24 August 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Antibiotic treatment that eliminates Wolbachia from the cells of its insect host Folsomia candida leads to total sterility of females, implying a role for this bacterial endosymbiont in the parthenogenetic reproduction of a diplodiploid species.
		Research article Control of chicken CR1 retrotransposons is independent of Dicer-mediated RNA interference pathway Sung-Hun Lee, Preethi Eldi, Soo-Young Cho, Danny Rangasamy BMC Biology 2009, 7:53 (19 August 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Chicken CR1 transposable elements remain largely silent in the absence of Dicer, unlike human LINE1 elements whose activity increases upon Dicer knockdown and a loss of RNAi-mediated control.
		Research article Connexin channels and phospholipids: association and modulation Darren Locke, Andrew L Harris BMC Biology 2009, 7:52 (17 August 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Specific endogenous anionic phospholipids tightly associate with two isoforms of connexin unpaired hemichannels and gap junction plaques, contributing to connexin channel activity by altering membrane charge and potentials.