Table 3 |
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Epigenetic clinical trials for aging-related degenerative diseasesa |
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|
Drugs |
Epigenetic effect |
Description |
Clinical trials |
References |
|
|
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|
Azacitidine |
DNMT inhibitors |
5-azacytidine; a chemical analogue of cytidine that affects DNA methylation as a false substrate |
Phases I, II and III: myelodysplastic syndromes such as leukemia |
[60] |
|
Decitabine |
DNMT inhibitors |
5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, a chemical analogue of cytidine that affects DNA methylation as a false substrate |
Phases I, II and III: myelodysplastic syndromes such as leukemia, cervical, and non-small-cell lung cancer |
[60] |
|
Depsipeptide |
HDAC inhibitors |
Cyclic tetrapeptide |
Phases I and II: hematological tumors such as leukemia and lymphoma |
|
|
Phenylbutyrate |
HDAC inhibitors |
Aliphatic acid |
Phases I and II: hematological tumors such as leukemia and lymphoma and colorectal cancer |
|
|
Valproic acid |
HDAC inhibitors |
Aliphatic acid |
Phase I: hematological tumors such as leukemia and lymphoma |
|
|
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid |
HDAC inhibitors |
Hydroxamic acid |
Phases I and II: hematological tumors, such as leukemia and lymphoma, solid tumors |
|
|
Resveratrol |
SIRT1 activator |
A natural compound enriched in grapes and red wine |
Phase I and II: diabetes, obesity, Alzheimer's disease and cancers |
|
|
Genistein |
Inhibitor of both DNMTs and HDACs |
Active epigenetic diet found in soybean products |
Preclinical: diabetes and cancer |
|
|
EGCG |
Inhibitor of both DNMTs and HDACs |
Active epigenetic dietary compound enriched in green tea |
Phase I: diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer |
|
|
Sulforaphane |
HDAC inhibitor |
Active epigenetic dietary compound enriched in broccoli sprouts |
Preclinical |
|
|
|
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aDNMT, DNA methyltransferase; HDAC, histone deacetylase; SIRT1, Sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 1; EGCG, epigallocatechin gallate. |
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|
Li et al. BMC Medicine 2011 9:98 doi:10.1186/1741-7015-9-98 |
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