Table 2 |
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Description of included 2-hour response randomized trials |
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|
Author, Year, Country |
Population, Mean BMI (kg/m2) |
Sweetener 1: Type, Quantity |
Sweetener 2: Type, Quantity |
Medium |
Study design, Follow-up, Sample size |
Mean age (y), % female |
Allocation concealment, Jadad score, Funding |
|
|
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|
Non-caloric vs Saccharide |
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|
Gonzalez-Ortiz [24] 2009 Mexico |
General 23 |
Sucralose (Enterex Diabetic®) 45% once |
Mixtureb (Glucerna SR®) 50% once |
Drink |
xRCT 2 1d periods (3d wo) 14 |
22 64 |
Unclear 2 - |
|
Prat-Larquemin [22] 2000 France |
General 20 |
Aspartame 0.27 g once |
Sucrose 90 g once |
Cheese |
xRCT 2 1d periods (1wk wo) 24 |
23 0 |
Unclear 3 Mixede |
|
Melchior [23] 1991 France |
General 21 |
Aspartame 80mg once |
Sucrose 50 g once |
Drink |
xRCT 2 1d periods 10 |
22 70 |
Unclear 1 Public |
|
Non-caloric vs Non-caloric |
|||||||
|
Horwitz [25] 1988 US |
55% General/45% DM2 < 25 |
Aspartame 400 mg once |
Saccharin 135 mg once |
Unsweetened drink |
xRCT 2 1d periods (1wk wo) 22 |
41 77 |
Unclear 1 Private |
|
Sugar Alcohol vs Saccharide |
|||||||
|
Rizkalla [28] 2002 France |
50% General 25 50% DM2 27 |
Lycasin 50 g once |
Glucose 50 g once |
None |
xRCT 2 1d periods (1wk wo) 12 |
40 0 |
Unclear 2 Private |
|
Nguyen [26] 1993 France |
General - |
Lycasin 20 g once Sorbitol 20 g once Xylitol 20 g once Maltitol 20 g once |
Glucose 20 g once |
None |
xRCT 5 1d periods (1wk wo) 10 |
33 50 |
Unclear 1 Private |
|
Wheeler [29] 1990 US |
33% General 24f 33% DM2 32 33% DM1 23 |
HSH6075 50 g once HSH5875 50 g once |
Glucose 50 g once |
None |
xRCT 3 1d periods 18 |
47 50 |
Unclear 2 Mixed |
|
Hassinger [27] 1981 Germany |
DM1 - |
Xylitol 30 g once |
Sucrose 30 g once |
Meal |
xRCT 2 1d periods 14 |
29 - |
Unclear 1 Private |
|
Saccharide vs Saccharide |
|||||||
|
Maki [30] 2009 US |
Obese 35 |
Trehalose 75 g once |
Trehalose/Fructose 75 g once Glucose 75 g once |
None |
xRCT 3 1d periods 21 |
50 0 |
Unclear 3 Private |
|
Teff [31] 2009 US |
Obese 35 |
Fructose 30% |
Glucose 30% |
Meals & Drinks |
xRCT 2 2d periods (1mo wo) 17 |
33 47 |
Unclear 1 Public |
|
Van Can [52] 2009 Netherlands |
Overweight 28 |
Isomaltulose 75 g once |
Sucrose 75 g once |
None |
xRCT 2 1d periods (1wk wo) 10 |
31 20 |
Unclear 1 Private |
|
Grysman [58] A 2008 Canada |
General 24 |
Sucromalt 50 g once |
HFCS42 50 g once |
None |
xRCT 2 1d periods 10 |
28 30 |
Unclear 2 Private |
|
Grysman [58] B 2008 Canada |
General 24 |
Sucromalt 80 g once |
HFCS42 80 g once |
None |
xRCT 2 1d periods 10 |
25 50 |
Unclear 2 Private |
|
Grysman [58] C 2008 Canada |
General 24 |
Sucromalt 50 g once |
HFCS42 50 g once Glucose 50 g once |
Meal |
xRCT 3 1d periods 20 |
37 60 |
Unclear 2 Private |
|
Munstedt [59] 2008 Germany |
General 23 |
Glucose/Fructosea 155 g once |
Honey 221 g once |
None |
xRCT 2 1d periods (1wk wo) 10 |
28 0 |
Unclear 2 - |
|
Stanhope [54] 2008 US |
General 25 |
HFCS55 25% thrice |
Sucrose 25% thrice |
3 Meals |
xRCT 2 1d periods (1mo wo) 34 |
35 47 |
Unclear 1 Mixed |
|
Bowen [32] 2007 Australia |
Overweight/ Obese 33 |
Fructose 50 g once |
Glucose 50 g once |
Drink |
xRCT 2 1d periods (7d wo) 28 |
57 0 |
Unclear 4 Mixed |
|
Chong [33] 2007 UK |
General 25 |
Fructose 0.75 g/kg once |
Glucose 0.75 g/kg once |
Drink |
xRCT 2 1d periods (6wk wo) 14 |
43 43 |
Unclear 1 Mixed |
|
Melanson [55] 2007 US |
General 22 |
HFCS55 30% TID |
Sucrose 30% TID |
3 Meals |
xRCT 2 2d periods (6wk wo) 30 |
33 100 |
Unclear 2 Private |
|
Visvanathan [34] 2005 Australia |
General 26 |
Sucrose 50 g once Fructose 50 g once |
Glucose 50 g once |
None |
xRCT 3 1d periods (3d wo) 10 |
72 60 |
Unclear 1 Public |
|
Teff [35] 2004 US |
General 23 |
Fructose 30% TID |
Glucose 30% TID |
3 Meals |
xRCT 2 2d periods (1mo wo) 12 |
25 100 |
Unclear 1 Mixed |
|
Qin [53] 2003 Japan |
General 23 |
Maltose 75 g QIDx4h |
Sucrose 75 g QIDx4h |
None |
xRCT 2 1d periods (1wk wo) 10 |
22 0 |
Unclear 1 - |
|
Vozzo [36] 2002 Australia |
50% IGT/50% DM2 31 |
Fructose 75 g once |
Glucose 75 g once |
None |
xRCT 2 1d periods (5d wo) 20 |
56 40 |
Unclear 1 Mixed |
|
Spiller [37] 1998 US |
General - |
Sucrose 90 g once |
Glucose 90 g once |
None |
xRCT 2 1d periods (1wk wo) 10 |
29 50 |
Unclear 1 Private |
|
Stewart [38] 1997 Canada |
General 20-27 |
Fructose 30 g SID |
Glucose 33.5 g SID |
Meal |
xRCT 2 1d periods 13 |
25 0 |
Unclear 1 Private |
|
Blaak [39] 1996 Netherlands |
General - |
Sucrose 75 g once Fructose 75 g once |
Glucose 75 g once |
None |
xRCT 3 1d periods (1wk wo) 10 |
28 0 |
Unclear 1 Mixed |
|
Fukagawa [40] 1995 US |
General - |
Fructose 75 g onced |
Glucose 75 g once |
None |
xRCT 2 1d periods 16 |
47 38 |
Unclear 1 Public |
|
Schwarz [41] 1992 Switzerland |
43% General 21 57% Overweight 30 |
Fructose 75 g once |
Glucose 75 g once |
Meal |
xRCT 2 1d periods (4d wo) 23 |
25 100 |
Unclear 1 Mixed |
|
Bukar [42] 1990 US |
DM2 - |
HFCS 27 g (12.2 g Fructose/14.8 g Glucose) once Sucrose 33.5 g once |
Glucose 50 g once |
HFCS: Tofu frozen dessert Sucrose: Ice cream Glucose: None |
xRCT 3 1d periods (2d wo) 12 |
51 50 |
Unclear 1 - |
|
Georgakopoulos [43] 1990 Greece |
General - |
Sucrose 20 g once |
Glucose 20 g once |
None |
xRCT 2 1d periods (3d wo) 17 |
Range 25-40 29 |
Unclear 1 - |
|
Kawai [56] 1989 Japan |
50% General 20 50% DM2 23 |
Isomaltulose 50 g once |
Sucrose 50 g once |
None |
xRCT 2 1d periods (2d wo) 20 |
39 30 |
Unclear 1 Mixed |
|
Schwarz [44] 1989 Switzerland |
General 21 |
Fructose 75 g once |
Glucose 75 g once |
Drink |
xRCT 2 1d periods (4d wo) 20 |
23 50 |
Unclear 1 Private |
|
Simonson [45] 1988 Switzerland |
DM2/General/Obesef - |
Fructose 75 g once |
Glucose 75 g once |
None |
xRCT 2 1d periods (1wk wo) 37 |
53 51 |
Unclear 1 Mixed |
|
Jansen [46] 1987 Netherlands |
General - |
Fructose 75 g once |
Glucose 75 g once |
None |
xRCT 2 1d periods (1wk wo) 20 |
52 50 |
Unclear 1 Public |
|
Tappy [47] 1986 Switzerland |
General - |
Fructose 75 g once |
Glucose 75 g once |
None |
xRCT 2 1d periods (2d wo) 10 |
27c 65c |
Unclear 1 Mixed |
|
Erkelens [57] 1985 Netherlands |
33% Generalf/33% DM2/17% DM1/17% insulin infusion DM1 - |
Honey (22% Glucose/26% Fructose) SID |
Sucrose 49% SID |
White bread & Cheese |
xRCT 2 1d periods (2d wo) 24 |
47 46 |
Unclear 1 Mixed |
|
Samanta [48] 1985 UK |
46% General/31% DM1/23% DM2 - |
Honey 26 g once Sucrose 26 g once |
Glucose 26 g once |
None |
xRCT 3 1d periods 26 |
40 - |
Unclear 1 - |
|
Bantle [49] 1983 US |
31% General/38% DM1/31% DM2 - |
Sucrose 42 g once Fructose 42 g once |
Glucose 42 g once |
Meal |
xRCT 3 1d periods 32 |
41 56 |
Unclear 2 Mixed |
|
Crapo [50] 1982 US |
38% General/23% IGTf/38% DM2 - |
Sucrose 63 g once Sucrose 52 g once Fructose 63 g once Fructose 52 g once |
Glucose 69.9 g once |
Sucrose & Fructose 63 g: cake Sucrose & Fructose 52 g: ice cream None |
xRCT 5 1d periods (1d wo) 26 |
43 42 |
Unclear 1 Mixed |
|
Mann [51] 1971 South Africa |
General - |
Sucrose 60 g once |
Glucose 60 g once |
Meal |
xRCT 2 1d periods (2d wo) 19 |
Range 20-58 0 |
Unclear 1 Public |
|
|
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|
DM1, type 1 diabetes mellitus; DM2, type 2 diabetes mellitus; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; UK, United Kingdom; US, United States; HFCS, high fructose corn syrup; FOS, fructooligosaccharide; SID, once a day; BID, twice a day; TID, three times a day; QID, four times a day; carb, carbohydrate; xRCT, randomized crossover trial; RCT, parallel randomized controlled trial; wo, washout; max, maximum "-" means the value was not reported in the study, and not described a'comparable Honey' bcontains isomaltulose, fructose, Sucromalt® (sucrose, maltose), and FOS capproximate because it includes 7 people from other studies written up in the same article dfactorial trial including 300 mg caffeine or 300 mg vitamin C eboth public and private sources of funding fgroup of participants dropped due to low group sample size |
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Wiebe et al. BMC Medicine 2011 9:123 doi:10.1186/1741-7015-9-123 |
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