Table 4 |
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|
Odds ratios of breast cancer risk according to ω-3 fatty acid intake level |
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|
Total |
Premenopausal women |
Postmenopausal women |
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|
|
||||||||||||
|
Control (n) |
Case (n) |
Age adjusted Odds ratio |
Multivariate Odds ratioa |
Control (n) |
Case (n) |
Age adjusted Odds ratio |
Multivariate Odds ratiob |
Control (n) |
Case (n) |
Age adjusted Odds ratio |
Multivariate Odds ratioc |
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
ω-3 fatty acid (g/day) |
||||||||||||
|
< 0.059 |
90 |
134 |
1.00 (referent) |
1.00 (referent) |
47 |
73 |
1.00 (referent) |
1.00 (referent) |
43 |
61 |
1.00 (referent) |
1.00 (referent) |
|
0.059-<0.143 |
90 |
90 |
0.67(0.45–1.00) |
0.83(0.50–1.37) |
57 |
55 |
0.61(0.36–1.03) |
0.83(0.42–1.64) |
33 |
35 |
0.76(0.41–1.41) |
1.01(0.48–2.15) |
|
0.143-<0.296 |
90 |
76 |
0.56(0.37–0.85) |
0.74(0.44–1.24) |
46 |
46 |
0.62(0.36–1.08) |
0.83(0.40–1.70) |
44 |
30 |
0.49(0.26–0.90) |
0.76(0.35–1.61) |
|
≥ 0.296 |
90 |
58 |
0.43(0.28–0.66) |
0.47(0.27–0.80) |
46 |
36 |
0.49(0.28–0.87) |
0.46(0.22–0.96) |
44 |
22 |
0.35(0.18–0.68) |
0.51(0.22–1.13) |
|
P for trend |
< 0.001 |
0.004 |
0.037 |
0.040 |
0.001 |
0.068 |
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|
|
||||||||||||
|
EPA(20:5n-3) (g/day) |
||||||||||||
|
< 0.014 |
90 |
124 |
1.00 (referent) |
1.00 (referent) |
54 |
66 |
1.00 (referent) |
1.00 (referent) |
36 |
58 |
1.00 (referent) |
1.00 (referent) |
|
0.014-<0.041 |
95 |
103 |
0.79(0.53–1.17) |
0.90(0.55–1.48) |
53 |
63 |
0.96(0.57–1.61) |
1.11(0.57–2.15) |
42 |
40 |
0.61(0.33–1.12) |
0.81(0.38–1.73) |
|
0.041-<0.101 |
85 |
76 |
0.65(0.43–0.98) |
0.91(0.54–1.55) |
47 |
45 |
0.78(0.45–1.35) |
1.13(0.54–2.33) |
38 |
31 |
0.52(0.27–0.98) |
0.78(0.35–1.74) |
|
≥ 0.101 |
90 |
55 |
0.44(0.28–0.68) |
0.50(0.28–0.91) |
42 |
36 |
0.68(0.38–1.22) |
0.67(0.30–1.50) |
48 |
19 |
0.25(0.12–0.49) |
0.38(0.15–0.96) |
|
P for trend |
< 0.001 |
0.016 |
0.182 |
0.227 |
< 0.001 |
0.035 |
||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
DHA(22:6n-3) (g/day) |
||||||||||||
|
< 0.037 |
90 |
132 |
1.00 (referent) |
1.00 (referent) |
52 |
72 |
1.00 (referent) |
1.00 (referent) |
38 |
60 |
1.00 (referent) |
1.00 (referent) |
|
0.037-<0.092 |
90 |
90 |
0.68(0.46–1.01) |
0.86(0.52–1.43) |
52 |
54 |
0.74(0.44–1.26) |
0.91(0.46–1.78) |
38 |
36 |
0.61(0.33–1.14) |
0.90(0.42–1.95) |
|
0.092-<0.213 |
90 |
86 |
0.65(0.43–0.97) |
0.77(0.46–1.28) |
48 |
49 |
0.72(0.42–1.23) |
0.93(0.46–1.85) |
42 |
37 |
0.56(0.31–1.04) |
0.81(0.37–1.75) |
|
≥ 0.213 |
90 |
50 |
0.37(0.24–0.58) |
0.44(0.24–0.79) |
44 |
35 |
0.56(0.32–1.00) |
0.54(0.24–1.20) |
46 |
15 |
0.21(0.10–0.42) |
0.32(0.13–0.82) |
|
P for trend |
< 0.001 |
0.004 |
0.075 |
0.118 |
< 0.001 |
0.010 |
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|
|
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|
a adjusted for age, BMI, family history of breast cancer, supplement use, education level, occupation, alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, parity, total energy intake, menopausal status, age at menarche; b adjusted for age, BMI, family history of breast cancer, supplement use, education level, occupation, alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, parity, total energy intake, age at menarche; c adjusted for age, BMI, family history of breast cancer, supplement use, education level, occupation, alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, parity, total energy intake, postmenopausal hormone use, age at menarche. EPA: Eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid. Energy-adjusted nutrient intakes were computed as the residuals from the regression model with total caloric intake as the independent variable and absolute nutrient intake as the dependent variable. |
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|
Kim et al. BMC Cancer 2009 9:216 doi:10.1186/1471-2407-9-216 |
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