Figure 1.

Genomic alignments suggest PLA2G4C noncoding element duplicated from another chromosome. MultiZ alignments used in the noncoding analysis from which we initially identified PLA2G4C as rapidly evolving include sequence for lower mammals, including cow, in which the gene is absent (Panel A). A BLASTN search of the element located in PLA2G4C intron 14 (red bar) (chromosome 19) that led to the gene's designation as rapidly evolving by nucleotide substitution revealed highly conserved noncoding elements (purple bars) on human chromosomes 1 and 2 (Panel B).