Table 2 |
||||||||||||||||
|
The clonal lineage and resistance profile of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from pig noses in Switzerland. |
||||||||||||||||
|
Antibiotic resistance genes and resistance breakpoints (mg/L)b |
||||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
MLST |
spa type |
SCCmec type |
Number of isolates |
Farma |
Representative strain |
FOX |
PEN |
TET |
ERY |
CLI |
STR |
TIA |
SPC |
TMP |
SMX |
CIP |
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
(>4) |
(>0.125) |
(>2) |
(>2) |
(>0.5) |
(>16) |
(>2) |
(>128) |
(>2) |
(>128) |
(>1) |
||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
2009 |
||||||||||||||||
|
ST1 |
t2279 |
IVc |
1 |
TG3 |
IMD887-09 |
mecA |
mecA blaZ |
tet(M) |
erm(A) |
erm(A) |
ant(9)-Ia |
+ |
||||
|
ST398 |
t011 |
V |
1 |
SG1 |
IMD358-09 |
mecA |
mecA |
tet(M) tet(K) |
vga(A)v |
|||||||
|
ST398 |
t011 |
V |
1 |
TG1 |
IMD355-09 |
mecA |
mecA |
tet(M) tet(K) |
erm(C) |
erm(C) |
+ |
|||||
|
ST398 |
t011 |
V |
1 |
LU2 |
IMD1753-09 |
mecA |
mecA |
tet(M) tet(K) |
+ |
|||||||
|
ST398 |
t034 |
V |
1 |
BE1 |
IMD1116-09 |
mecA |
mecA blaZ |
tet(M) tet(K) |
erm(A) |
erm(A) |
str |
+ |
ant(9)-Ia |
dfr(G) |
||
|
ST398 |
t1451 |
V |
1 |
LU1 |
IMD1270-09 |
mecA |
mecA |
tet(M) tet(K) |
erm(C) |
erm(C) |
str |
vga(A)v |
||||
|
ST49 |
t208 |
V |
1 |
TG2 |
IMD1000-09 |
mecA |
mecA |
tet(M) tet(K) |
erm(C) |
erm(C) |
vga(A)v |
+ |
||||
|
ST49 |
t208 |
V |
1 |
SG2 |
IMD1771-09 |
mecA |
mecA |
tet(M) tet(K) |
vga(A)v |
+ |
||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
2010 |
||||||||||||||||
|
ST398 |
t034 |
V |
16 |
TG5 TG8 TG9 TG10 LU3 LU4 LU5 LU6 BE2 BE3 BE4 AG1 JU1 SG3 SG5 ZH1 |
IMD49-10 |
mecA |
mecA blaZ |
tet(M) tet(K) |
erm(A) |
erm(A) |
str |
+ |
ant(9)-Ia |
dfr(G) |
||
|
ST398 |
t034 |
V |
1 |
TG 7 |
IMD704-10 |
mecA |
mecA blaZ |
tet(M) tet(K) |
erm(A) |
erm(A) |
+ |
ant(9)-Ia |
dfr(G) |
|||
|
ST398 |
t011 |
V |
1 |
AI1 |
IMD233-10 |
mecA |
mecA |
tet(M) tet(K) |
erm(C) |
erm(C) |
+ |
|||||
|
ST49 |
t208 |
V |
3 |
SG4 SG6 TG4 |
IMD426-10 |
mecA |
mecA |
tet(M) tet(K) |
vga(A)v |
+ |
||||||
|
ST49 |
t208 |
V |
1 |
TG6 |
IMD603-10 |
mecA |
mecA |
tet(M) tet(K) |
erm(A) |
erm(A) |
vga(A)v |
+ |
||||
|
ST49 |
t208 |
V |
1 |
AG2 |
IMD2002-10 |
mecA |
mecA |
tet(M) tet(K) |
str |
vga(A)v |
+ |
|||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
a) Geographical origin of the farm: letters indicate the Cantons (AI, Appenzell Innen Rhodes; AG, Aargau; BE, Bern; JU, Jura; LU, Luzern; SG, St Gallen; TG, Thurgau; ZH, Zurich). and numbers indicate individual farms. b) CIP, ciprofloxacin; CLI, clindamycin; ERY, erythromycin; FOX, cefoxitin; PEN, penicillin; SPC, spectinomycin; SMX, sulphamethoxazole; STR, streptomycin; TET, tetracycline; TIA, tiamulin; TMP, trimethoprim. The MIC breakpoints (in micrograms per millilitre) that determine resistance were recommended from EUCAST for S. aureus http://www.eucast.org webcite. Resistance breakpoints for tiamulin, spectinomycin, streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole were tentatively derived from epidemiological MIC cut-off values from EUCAST. Antibiotic resistance genes and their functions are indicated as follows: ant(9)-Ia, spectinomycin adenylnucleotidyltransferase; blaZ, β-lactamase; dfr(G), dihydrofolate reductase; erm(A) and erm(C), macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins B rRNA methylase; mecA, penicillin-binding protein PBP2a; str, streptomycin adenyltransferase; tet(K), tetracycline efflux protein; tet(M), tetracycline ribosomal protection protein; vga(A)v, pleuromutilins and streptogramins A ATP binding transporter. ND, not detected; +, The MIC values were greater than the resistance breakpoint, but the resistance mechanism remained uncharacterised; blank spaces indicate no resistance |
||||||||||||||||
|
Overesch et al. BMC Veterinary Research 2011 7:30 doi:10.1186/1746-6148-7-30 |
||||||||||||||||
