Table 3 |
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|
Study outcomes by intervention. |
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|
Outcome variable |
Intervention |
Mean ± sd |
Difference (95%CI)* |
Adjusted Difference (95%CI)** |
|
|
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|
Stool weight (g) |
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|
Placebo |
876.9 ± 1194.1 |
|||
|
Zn |
972.3 ± 920.2 |
95.4 (-85.4,276.2) |
21.1 (-40.8,83) |
|
|
Zn+Cu |
972.3 ± 1210 |
94.5 (-86.7,275.7) |
23.8 (-35.5,83.1) |
|
|
Duration of diarrhea (hours)a from enrollment |
||||
|
Placebo |
62.2 ± 33.5 |
|||
|
Zn |
64.4 ± 37.8 |
2.2 (-4.1,8.5) |
1.9 (-2.23,2.55) |
|
|
Zn+Cu |
64.4 ± 35 |
2.2 (-3.8,8.2) |
-0.9 (-2.37,2.2) |
|
|
Amount of ORS used in hospital (ml) |
||||
|
Placebo |
1666.5 ± 1372.7 |
|||
|
Zn |
1837.1 ± 1719.4 |
170.6 (-93.3,434.5) |
42.8 (-45.6,131.2) |
|
|
Zn+Cu |
1811.9 ± 1499 |
145.4 (-96.7,387.5) |
67.2 (-17.5,152.1) |
|
|
Amount of IV fluids used in hospital (ml) |
||||
|
Placebo |
127.3 ± 412.9 |
|||
|
Zn |
127.9 ± 358.2 |
0.7 (-65,66.4) |
4.1 (-16,24.1) |
|
|
Zn+Cu |
131.7 ± 428 |
4.5 (-66.4,73.3) |
-1.2 (-20.7,18.3) |
|
|
14th day zinc levels (μg/dL) |
||||
|
Pl |
76.3 ± 32.9 |
|||
|
Zn |
76.6 ± 35. |
0.3 (-5.8, 6.4) |
-1.1 (-3,0.9) |
|
|
Zn+Cu |
74.3 ± 40 |
-2 (-8.5, 4.6) |
-2.3 (-4.1,-0.5) |
|
|
14th day copper levels (μg/dL) |
||||
|
Pl |
115.2 ± 30.8 |
|||
|
Zn |
121.2 ± 35. |
6.0 (0.1,11.9) |
1.7 (-0.4,3.7) |
|
|
Zn+Cu |
124.6 ± 36.8 |
9.4 (3.4,15.5) |
2.4 (0.5,4.3) |
|
|
Mean absolute difference from baseline in Znc |
||||
|
Placebo |
7.2 ± 379.6 |
|||
|
Zn |
59.2 ± 428.5 |
52 (-20.7,124.7) |
34.8 (-11.7,81.2) |
|
|
Zn+Cu |
81.8 ± 452.8 |
74.5 (-0.11,149) |
71.4 (30.9,111.9) |
|
|
Mean absolute difference from baseline in Cud |
||||
|
Placebo |
-79.4 ± 429.2 |
|||
|
Zinc |
-41.2 ± 418.8 |
38.2 (-37.8,114.3) |
14 (-1.5,9.5) |
|
|
Zn+Cu |
15.6 ± 439.8 |
95 (39.3,17.7) |
19.6 (3.6,35.6) |
|
|
|
||||
|
N (%) |
Odds ratio(95%CI) |
Adjusted odds ratio(95%CI) |
||
|
|
||||
|
Proportion with diarrhea of > 7 days from onsetb |
||||
|
Placebo |
13(5.3) |
|||
|
Zn |
20(8.1) |
1.6 (0.77,3.25) |
1.8 (0.78,3.97) |
|
|
Zn+Cu |
15(5.8) |
1.11 (0.52,2.38) |
1.18 (0.51,2.73) |
|
|
|
||||
|
N (%) |
IRR (95%CI)$ |
Adjusted IRR (95%CI) |
||
|
|
||||
|
Rates of complications in hospital |
||||
|
Placebo |
14 (5.2) |
|||
|
Zn |
10 (3.7) |
0.73 (0.33,1.65) |
0.76 (0.32,1.84)e |
|
|
Zn+Cu |
8 (2.9) |
0.57 (0.24,1.35) |
0.68 (0.26,1.78) |
|
|
More than three episodes of some dehydration in hospital |
||||
|
Placebo |
6 (2.2) |
|||
|
Zn |
2 (0.8) |
0.34 (0.07,1.7)e |
0.35 (0.07,1.77) |
|
|
Zn+Cu |
5 (1.8) |
0.83 (0.25,2.71) |
0.94 (0.27,3.34) |
|
|
Severe dehydration experience in hospital |
||||
|
Placebo |
12 (4.4) |
|||
|
Zn |
6 (2.3) |
0.51 (0.19,1.37) |
0.55 (0.21,1.49) |
|
|
Zn+Cu |
8 (2.9) |
0.66 (0.27,1.62) |
0.77 (0.31,1.94) |
|
|
|
||||
|
* The difference is as compared with the placebo group. **Adjusted for following covariates: age, gender, prior duration of diarrhea, weight-for-age Z -score at most -2, dehydration status, receipt of medication, water safety, wealth index, type of stool, baseline serum zinc and serum copper. $ Incidence rate ratios on Poisson regression. Beneficial effect is < 1. aCensored duration of diarrhea: 16 in Zinc, 14 in Zinc/Copper treatment,24 in Placebo. bCensored proportion with diarrhea > 7 days from onset: 16 in Zinc treatment, 14 in Zinc/Copper treatment, 24 in Placebo. c Censored 14th day serum Zinc: 32 in Zinc treatment, 19 in Zinc/Copper treatment,21 in Placebo. dCensored 14th day serum copper: 32 in Zinc treatment, 19 in Zinc/Copper treatment,21 in Placebo. |
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|
Patel et al. BMC Medicine 2009 7:22 doi:10.1186/1741-7015-7-22 |
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