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Changes in mental health outcomes between T1 and T4 in each pregnancy termination group. Cohen's d estimates the changes in outcome variables in the two pregnancy termination groups. Within-group analysis was performed using paired t-tests and between-group analysis was performed using ANCOVA (estimated with controls for all four possible confounders, i.e. marital status, number of children, vocational activity and former psychiatric health). |
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| Outcome at corresponding interviews: |
Change in the miscarriage group from T1 to T4: Cohen's d |
Change in the induced abortion group from T1 to T4: Cohen's d |
Differential change between groups from T1–T4: Exact p-value |
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| IES intrusion |
1.92*** |
0.85*** |
p = 0.096 |
| IES avoidance |
1.20*** |
0.21** |
p = 0.003 |
| Quality of life |
-0.69*** |
-0.40** |
p = 0.628 |
| HADS anxiety |
0.10 |
0.02 |
p = 0.999 |
| HADS depression |
0.80** |
0.30* |
p = 0.314 |
| Feelings, rated 1–5: |
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| Relief |
-0.50 |
0.07 |
p = 0.081 |
| Grief |
1.54*** |
0.41*** |
p = 0.015 |
| Loss |
1.22*** |
0.08 |
p = 0.007 |
| Guilt |
0.93*** |
0.00 |
p < 0.001 |
| Shame |
0.47 |
0.17 |
p = 0.088 |
| Anger |
0.86*** |
0.34** |
p = 0.027 |
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T1 = 10 days after pregnancy termination T4 = five years after pregnancy termination Significant change from T1 to T4 (in each pregnancy termination group) by paired t-test: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. | |||
Broen et al. BMC Medicine 2005 3:18 doi:10.1186/1741-7015-3-18 |
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