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Mean outcome scores and standard deviations (SD) for both pregnancy termination groups. |
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| T1 Ten days after pregnancy termination Mean ± (SD) |
T2 Six months after pregnancy termination Mean ± (SD) |
T3 Two years after pregnancy termination Mean ± (SD) |
T4 Five years after pregnancy termination Mean ± (SD) |
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| Outcome |
Mis-carriage n = 40 |
Induced abortion n = 80 |
Mis-carriage n = 40 |
Induced abortion n = 74 |
Mis-carriage n = 39 |
Induced abortion n = 72 |
Mis-carriage n = 39 |
Induced abortion n = 70 |
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| IES intrusion |
17.6** ± (9.5) |
11.9 ± (9.3) |
10.6 ± (8.7) |
8.0 ± (8.6) |
4.9 ± (5.3) |
5.1 ± (5.6) |
3.7 ± (4.5) |
3.6 ± (5.9) |
| IES avoidance |
7.0 ± (6.1) |
11.1** ± (7.9) |
5.9 ± (6.4) |
9.7* ± (8.6) |
3.2 ± (4.6) |
9.3*** ± (9.4) |
1.5 ± (3.6) |
8.3*** ± (10.1) |
| Quality of Life |
42.2 ± (9.0) |
41.4 ± (9.1) |
45.6 ± (7.9) |
43.6 ± (8.7) |
47.7 ± (7.8) |
45.3 ± (7.9) |
47.4 ± (6.5) |
45.9 ± (8.2) |
| HADS anxiety |
6.1 ± (4.1) |
6.6 ± (4.6) |
5.5 ± (4.1) |
6.8 ± (5.0) |
5.6 ± (4.1) |
6.0 ± (4.7) |
5.2 ± (4.2) |
5.9 ± (4.6) |
| HADS depression |
4.5 ± (4.2) |
3.9 ± (4.0) |
3.0 ± (3.3) |
3.3 ± (3.7) |
2.3 ± (3.2) |
2.6 ± (3.7) |
2.0 ± (2.6) |
2.7 ± (3.2) |
| Feelings, rated 1–5: |
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| Relief |
1.3 ± (0.7) |
2.8*** ± (1.4) |
1.3 ± (0.6) |
2.6*** ± (1.4) |
1.3 ± (0.8) |
2.7*** ± (1.3) |
1.4 ± (0.9) |
2.7*** ± (1.4) |
| Grief |
3.7*** ± (1.5) |
2.4 ± (1.4) |
3.2*** ± (1.3) |
2.2 ± (1.2) |
2.4* ± (1.2) |
1.9 ± (1.0) |
1.8 ± (0.9) |
1.8 ± (1.0) |
| Loss |
3.6*** ± (1.5) |
2.2 ± (1.4) |
3.4*** ± (1.4) |
2.2 ± (1.3) |
2.5 ± (1.2) |
2.2 ± (1.3) |
2.0 ± (1.1) |
1.9 ± (1.1) |
| Guilt |
1.9 ± (1.2) |
2.1 ± (1.4) |
1.5 ± (0.9) |
2.1** ± (1.2) |
1.2 ± (0.7) |
1.9** ± (1.0) |
1.1 ± (0.2) |
2.0*** ± (1.1) |
| Shame |
1.1 ± (0.3) |
1.8*** ± (1.3) |
1.1 ± (0.4) |
1.9*** ± (1.3) |
1.1 ± (0.4) |
1.6** ± (1.0) |
1.0 ± (0.0) |
1.6** ± (1.0) |
| Anger |
2.2 ± (1.3) |
1.8 ± (1.3) |
2.0 ± (1.1) |
1.9 ± (1.3) |
1.5 ± (1.0) |
1.8 ± (1.1) |
1.3 ± (0.7) |
1.5 ± (1.0) |
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Statistically significant differences between pregnancy termination groups at all time points: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 | ||||||||
Broen et al. BMC Medicine 2005 3:18 doi:10.1186/1741-7015-3-18 |
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