Additional file 2.

Control for the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus association needed for the promnesic caffeine effect. Retention performances at 72 h, as the percentage of specific response (% SR, % individuals responding to the conditioned stimulus (CS) and not to the new odor), between controls and bees injected with caffeine 20 min, before one conditioning trial (CS + unconditioned stimulus (US)) or a CS-alone trial. The results of the CS + US group were presented in details in Figure 3. In the CS-alone situation, neither control nor caffeine-injected bees show any remarkable long-term memory (LTM) performance (χ² = 0, P = 0.97; Control: n = 39; Caffeine: n = 40). Caffeine therefore has no effect without a full CS-US conditioning trial. (*: P < 0.05, NS: non-significant).

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Perisse et al. BMC Biology 2009 7:30   doi:10.1186/1741-7007-7-30