Table 2

Divergence dates of angiosperm clades containing ectomycorrhizae-forming species (or species that form associations with ectomycorrhizae fungi, for example, Orchidaceae), based on Wang and Qiu [34] and Wikström et al [35]

Classification

ECM-containing group

Node

Age

Monocots

Orchidaceae

495

53–69

Cyperaceae

434

28–39

Poaceae

437

35–44

Basal Eudicots

Ranunculaceae

410

65–85

Caryophyllids

Polygonaceae

367

37–52

Caryophyllaceae

382

28–40

Nyctaginaceae

376

21–28

Asterids

Rubiaceae

304

61–64

Oleaceae

260

55–64

Aquifoliaceae

252

63–72

Apiaceae

229

41–45

Campanulaceae (+Lobeliaceae)

233

248^a

82–90

46–59

Goodeniaceae/Asteraceae

238

239^b

65–69

44–50

Caprifoliaceae

221

219^c

29–36

54–58

Core Eudicots inc. sed.

Grossulariaceae

199

73–81

Rosids inc. sed.

Myrtaceae/Melastomataceae

121

78–88

Rosids 1

Euphorbiaceae

63

69–71

Salicaceae

29

60–63

Cunoniaceae

67

64–66

Polygalaceae

85

66–68

Fabaceae

83^d

56–68

Rosaceae

117^e

46–47

Rhamnaceae

105

62–64

Ulmaceae

110

55–57

Fagaceae + Juglandaceae + Betulaceae + Casuarinaceae

89^f

60–61

Rosids 2

Dipterocarpaceae/Cistaceae

149

51–58

Malvaceae

154

54–58

Sapindaceae

139

20–26

'Node' refers to node numbering in Wikström et al [35]. Nodes are the most recent common ancestor of the ectomycorrhizae (ECM)-containing family and its closest non-ECM-forming relative, unless otherwise indicated. Two nodes are indicated when relevant taxa sampled by Wikström et al [35] are not in Wang and Qiu [34], or when topologies conflict. Ages in millions of years are ranges of ACCTRAN and DELTRAN optimizations from Wikström et al [35].

^aMRCA (most recent common ancestor) of (Campanulaceae, Lobeliaceae)

^bMRCA of (Asteraceae(Goodeniaceae, Calyceraceae))

^cMRCA of (Valerianaceae(Linnaeaceae(Caprifoliaceae, Dispacaceae)))

^dMRCA of Fabaceae

^eMRCA of Rosaceae

^fMRCA of Fagales

Hibbett and Matheny BMC Biology 2009 7:13   doi:10.1186/1741-7007-7-13