Table 5 |
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|
Fossil calibrations. All internal calibrations for Neornithes are treated as minimum ages. External calibrations are treated as bounded (lower, upper) constraints. See [57] for fossil citations and details. See Figure 2 for placement of calibrations in the alternative trees. |
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|
Fossil ID |
Calibration |
Age (MY) |
Source |
|
|
|||
|
1 |
Crown Pici |
30 |
[57] |
|
2 |
Stem Upupidae + Phoeniculidae |
47.5 |
[57] |
|
3 |
Stem Coraciidae + Brachypteraciidae |
47.5 |
[57] |
|
4 |
Stem Trogoniformes |
53 |
[57] |
|
5 |
Stem Coliiformes |
55 |
[57] |
|
6 |
Stem Strigiformes |
55 |
[57] |
|
7 |
Crown Pandionidae |
37 |
[57] |
|
8 |
Stem Anatidae |
66 |
[10] |
|
9 |
Crown Sulidae |
33 |
[57] |
|
10 |
Stem Fregatidae |
53 |
[57] |
|
11 |
Stem Sphenisciformes |
62 |
[24] |
|
12 |
Stem Jacanidae |
30 |
[57] |
|
13 |
Stem Apodiformes |
53 |
[57] |
|
14 |
Stem Trochilidae |
30 |
[109] |
|
15 |
Crown Pteroclididae |
30 |
[57] |
|
16 |
Stem Phoenicopteriformes |
30 |
[57] |
|
17 |
Stem Phaethontidae |
55 |
[57] |
|
18 |
Stem Gruidae |
30 |
[57] |
|
20 |
Alligator-caiman |
66–71 |
[91] |
|
21 |
Bird-crocodile |
243–251 |
[91] |
|
|
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|
Brown et al. BMC Biology 2008 6:6 doi:10.1186/1741-7007-6-6 |
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