Table 1 |
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Diseases that are chronic or associated with chronic conditions whose complications or end-stage outcomes require long-term medical intervention by the formal health sector services. |
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Disease or condition |
Complications or end-stage outcomes requiring formal health sector intervention |
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Chronic non-infectious diseases |
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Hypertension |
Stroke; cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure; kidney failure |
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Diabetes |
Kidney failure requiring transplantation or dialysis; chronic infection (foot ulcer, osteomyelitis); acute recurrent infections (urinary tract infection, bacteremia, sepsis, pneumonia); blindness; sexual dysfunction |
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Asthma |
Respiratory infection, respiratory failure |
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Ignored injuries (intentional or unintentional) |
Chronic infection (osteomyelitis, non-healing wounds); limb deformity affecting ambulation, manual dexterity; long-term or permanent brain injury |
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Mental illnesses |
Consequences of attempted suicide or homicide; violence; intractable behavior; restricted self-care |
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Reproductive health problems |
Sterility; unwanted pregnancy; peripartum complications; congenital complications of infection (toxoplasmosis, CMV) |
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Chronic infectious diseases |
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Tuberculosis, latent TB infection |
Late-stage TB; Multidrug resistant TB |
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Hepatitis B, C |
Liver cirrhosis; hepatocellular carcinoma |
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HIV infection |
AIDS; opportunistic diseases |
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Acute infectious disease with chronic outcomes |
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Sexually-transmitted infection |
Reproductive diseases; AIDS |
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Skin lesion and superinfection |
Bacterial superinfection; kidney failure due to post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis |
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Untreated bacterial pharyngitis; acute rheumatic fever |
Post-streptococcal rheumatic heart disease requiring valve replacement |
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Behavior and habits |
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Tobacco use |
Cardiovascular diseases, cancer |
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Alcohol abuse |
Liver failure, cirrhosis, unintentional injuries |
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Illicit drug use |
HIV/AIDS; hepatitis B, C; endocarditis, unintentional injuries |
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Riley et al. BMC International Health and Human Rights 2007 7:2 doi:10.1186/1472-698X-7-2 |
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