Table 3 |
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Multivariate logistic regression of sociodemographic, health care, and health status factors on frequent and severe pain |
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Variable (reference group) |
Frequent pain OR (95% CI) |
Severe pain OR (95% CI) |
|
|
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|
Sociodemographics |
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|
Age |
0.99 (0.97, 1.00) |
1.00 (0.98, 1.02) |
|
Male (vs. female) |
0.81 (0.67, 0.98)3 |
0.78 (0.54, 1.14) |
|
Race/ethnicity |
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|
Hispanic (vs. non-Hispanic white) |
0.74 (0.54, 1.01) |
0.74 (0.44, 1.26) |
|
Other (vs. non-Hispanic white) |
0.84 (0.56, 1.26) |
2.28 (1.24, 4.21)2 |
|
Less than high school grad. (vs. grad.) |
0.97 (0.78, 1.20) |
1.08 (0.76, 1.55) |
|
Married (vs. single) |
0.92 (0.77, 1.10) |
1.00 (0.72, 1.39) |
|
Residence |
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|
Rural (vs. urban) |
0.77 (0.64, 0.92)3 |
0.89 (0.65, 1.23) |
|
Frontier (vs. urban) |
0.86 (0.66, 1.12) |
0.78 (0.48, 1.28) |
|
Income |
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|
$10–20,000 (vs. < $10,000) |
1.06 (0.81, 1.39) |
0.81 (0.52, 1.26) |
|
$21–30,000 (vs. < $10,000) |
1.02 (0.75, 1.38) |
0.96 (0.57, 1.62) |
|
$31,000 and higher (vs. < $10,000) |
0.90 (0.67, 1.20) |
0.87 (0.52, 1.46) |
|
Missing (vs. < $10,000) |
0.95 (0.72, 1.25) |
0.99 (0.63, 1.56) |
|
Health care |
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|
Insurance |
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|
Medicare (vs. uninsured) |
0.69 (0.41, 1.16) |
0.41 (0.19, 0.86)3 |
|
Medicaid (vs. uninsured) |
0.72 (0.44, 1.18) |
0.35 (0.17, 0.71)2 |
|
Medicare plus other. (vs. uninsured) |
0.85 (0.52, 1.39) |
0.31 (0.15, 0.64)2 |
|
Other private/gov. ins. (vs. uninsured) |
0.64 (0.37, 1.09) |
0.34 (0.15, 0.76)2 |
|
No. of physician visits past 6 months |
1.02 (1.01, 1.04)2 |
1.02 (1.00, 1.03) |
|
Physician-driven participation index |
0.99 (0.91, 1.06) |
1.14 (0.99, 1.30) |
|
Patient-driven participation index |
0.82 (0.75, 0.89)3 |
0.93 (0.80, 1.09) |
|
Tenure with doctor |
||
|
Less than 1 year (vs. no personal doctor) |
0.92 (0.64, 1.33) |
0.51 (0.27, 0.98)3 |
|
1–2 years (vs. no personal doctor) |
0.95 (0.70, 1.30) |
0.74 (0.43, 1.25) |
|
3–4 years (vs. no personal doctor) |
0.87 (0.64, 1.18) |
0.56 (0.33, 0.96)3 |
|
5 or more years (vs. no personal doctor) |
0.92 (0.71, 1.19) |
0.65 (0.42, 0.99)3 |
|
Health status |
||
|
No. of comorbidities |
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|
1 (vs. none) |
1.06 (0.87, 1.27) |
1.18 (0.84, 1.66) |
|
2 (vs. none) |
0.96 (0.74, 1.25) |
1.50 (0.99, 2.28) |
|
3 or more (vs. none) |
1.01 (0.71, 1.43) |
1.51 (0.90, 2.50) |
|
Ever diagnosed with arthritis (vs. never) |
3.62 (3.03, 4.33)1 |
1.54 (1.01, 2.35)3 |
|
SF-12 mental component score |
0.99 (0.98, 1.00) |
0.98 (0.97, 1.00) |
|
General health status |
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|
Excellent (vs. poor) |
0.14 (0.09, 0.22)1 |
0.49 (0.20, 1.19) |
|
Very Good (vs. poor) |
0.30 (0.21, 0.41)1 |
0.24 (0.14, 0.42)1 |
|
Good (vs. poor) |
0.41 (0.31, 0.54)1 |
0.33 (0.21, 0.50)1 |
|
Fair (vs. poor) |
0.69 (0.52, 0.92)2 |
0.56 (0.39, 0.81)3 |
|
|
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|
1 p < 0.0001, 2 p < 0.01, 3 p < 0.05 note: Analyses of severe pain were limited to those with frequent pain. |
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|
Borders et al. BMC Health Services Research 2005 5:4 doi:10.1186/1472-6963-5-4 |
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