|
Summary of regulation* |
|
| Country |
National legislation and effect, or approach in the absence of national legislation |
|
|
|
| Australia |
Prohibition of Human Cloning Act 2002: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
| Austria |
Act No.275 of 1st July 1992: Implicitly prohibits both RC and NRC |
| Belgium |
Law of 11th May 2003: Prohibits RC but permits NRC |
| Canada |
Assisted Human Reproduction Act 2004: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
| China |
None Ministerial regulations prohibit RC and allow NRC |
| Denmark |
Law No.460 of 1997: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
| Finland |
Medical Research Act No.488 of 1999: Prohibits RC, but NRC might not be included within this prohibition |
| France |
Law of July 2004: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
| Germany |
Embryo Protection Act 1990: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
| Greece |
Law 3089 of 23rd December 2002: Prohibits RC, but does not cover NRC |
| Iceland |
Law No. 55 of 29th of May 1996: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
| India |
None Guidelines reject RC but might allow NRC |
| Ireland |
None Constitutional provision might prohibit both NRC and RC |
| Israel |
Prohibition of Genetic Intervention (Human Cloning and Genetic Manipulation of Reproductive Cells) Law 1999: Imposes a moratorium on RC, silent on NRC |
| Italy |
Law of 2003: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
| Korea |
Bioethics Law 2003: Prohibits RC, silent on NRC |
| Luxembourg |
None |
| Mexico |
General Health Law of 7 May 1997: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
| Netherlands |
Embryo Act 2002: Prohibits RC and imposes a moratorium on NRC |
| New Zealand |
Medicines (Restricted Biotechnical Procedures) Amendment Act 2002: Prohibits RC, silent on NRC |
| Norway |
Law No. 100 of 5 December 2003: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
| Peru |
General Law No. 26842 of 9 July 1997: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
| Portugal |
None Ratified Convention (discussed below) |
| Russia |
Law on the Temporary Prohibition of Human Cloning 2002: Imposes a Moratorium on RC |
| Spain |
Law 35 of November 1988: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
| Sweden |
Law No. 115 of 14th March 1991: Implicitly prohibits both RC and NRC (with possible gaps) |
| Switzerland |
Federal Law of 18 December 1998: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
| Thailand |
None |
| UK |
Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990: Permits NRC under licence Human Reproductive Cloning Act 2001: Prohibits RC |
| United States |
None Some states have legislation prohibiting RC or both RC and NRC |
|
* The International Digest of Health Legislation http://www3.who.int provides translations of the legislation of Austria (1993, vol 44); Denmark (1997, vol 48); Israel (2000, vol 51), Norway (2003, vol 54), Peru (1998, vol 49), and Switzerland (1999, vol 50, and 2003, vol 54). The Bulletin of Medical Ethics provides translations of the legislation of Finland (Feb 2000, p7) and Germany (Dec 1990, p9). In addition, we have used English translations of the legislation of Greece http://www.coe.int, the Netherlands http://www.minvws.nl, and Sweden (Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, Swedish Act concerning Use of Gene Technology on Human Beings and Experiments with Fertilised Ova, 1991). | |
Pattinson and Caulfield BMC Medical Ethics 2004 5:9 doi:10.1186/1472-6939-5-9 |
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