Histopathological evaluation of ocular microsporidiosis by different stains

Joveeta Joseph¹ , Geeta K Vemuganti² , Prashant Garg³ and Savitri Sharma¹

¹Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V.Prasad Eye Institute, L.V.Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad – 500 034, India

²Ophthalmic Pathology Services, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V.Prasad Eye Institute, L.V.Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad – 500 034, India

³Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V.Prasad Eye Institute, L.V.Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad – 500 034, India

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BMC Clinical Pathology 2006, 6:6doi:10.1186/1472-6890-6-6


Published:	23 June 2006

Abstract

Background

There is limited data on comparing stains in the detection of microsporidia in corneal biopsies. Hence we wanted to evaluate various stains for their ability to detect microsporidia in corneal tissue sections.

Methods

Four cases diagnosed with microsporidiosis on Hematoxylin and Eosin and Periodic Acid Schiff's stained sections of the corneal button between January 2002 and December 2004, were included. Further sections were prospectively stained with calcofluor white, Gram, Giemsa, Masson's trichrome, acridine orange, Gomori's methenamine silver, Gram's chromotrope and modified acid fast stain. The stained sections were analyzed for the spore characteristics in terms of size, shape, color contrast, cell wall morphology, waist band in cytoplasm and ease of detection.

Results

All sections showed microsporidial spores as 3 – 5 μm, oval bodies. 1% acid fast, Gram's chromotrope and GMS stains provided a reliable diagnosis of microsporidia as diagnostic waist band could be identified and good contrast helped distinguish the spores from inflammatory debris.

Conclusion

Considering the ease of performance, cost effectiveness and rapidity of the technique, 1% acid fast stain and Gram's chromotrope stain are ideal for the detection of microsporidia.