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Components of treatment protocol in study of massage for neck pain |
| 1. Styles or techniques allowed with no restrictions |
| 1. Application of cold |
| 2. Application of heat |
| 3. Compression – pumping or static |
| 4. Craniosacral |
| 5. Friction or direct pressure |
| 6. Cross-fiber friction |
| 7. Gliding (effluerage) – Swedish |
| 8. Gliding – deep (effluerage, stripping) – clinical |
| 9. Holding |
| 10. Kneading (petrissage) |
| 11. Lymphatic drainage |
| 12. Percussion (tapotement) |
| 13. Rocking, jostling, shaking, vibration |
| 14. ROM – active or resistive (also active assisted and/or resisted stretching, MET, PNF – consisting of three types of resistive stretching: lengthening, contracting the agonist; lengthening the agonist, contracting the antagonist; and lengthening the agonist, contracting agonist and antagonist) |
| 15. ROM – passive (passive stretching, positional release) |
| 16. Skin rolling |
| 17. Stretching (manual) |
| 18. Traction |
| 19. Trigger point therapy |
| 2. Principal treatment goals LIMITED by protocol (i.e., allowed only if represent less than 20% of an individual session) |
| Energy Work (e.g., Reiki, Polarity, Therapeutic touch, Zero Balancing) |
| Movement Education (Active Exercise Styles) (e.g., Alexander Technique, Feldenkrais Method, Aston Patterning) |
| 3. Treatments proscribed by protocol |
| Aromatherapy |
| Asian bodywork (shiatsu or other meridian based massage) |
| Dietary supplements |
| Recipe techniques – although components of those may be acceptable |
Sherman et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2006 6:24 doi:10.1186/1472-6882-6-24 |