Table 3
Antimutagenic activity expressed as the mean and standard deviation of number of revertants and percent inhibition by HK of direct (−S9) and indirect (+S9) mutagens, tested on strains TA98, TA100, TA102 and TA 97a of S. typhimurium
Treatments Number of revertants(M ± SD)/ plate and %; of inhibition
HK TA 98 TA 100
μg/plate − S9 %; inhibition + S9 %; inhibition − S9 %; inhibition + S9 %; inhibition
Ctrol + NOPD B[a]P SA AFB1
638 + 30 1244 + 38 1219 + 46 1607 + 79
9.7 525 + 7 18* 874 + 21 31** 1139 + 20 7* 1183 + 30 30**
19.5 507 + 15 21* 869 + 4 32** 1112 + 34 9* 976 + 18 45***
39.0 477 + 5 26** 813 + 18 36** 1169 + 32 5* 943 + 11 47***
58.5 521 + 9 19* 618 + 6 52*** 1145 + 16 7* 612 + 33 71***
78.0 480 + 16 25** 539 + 32 59*** 1181 + 41 3* 354 + 22 89***
TA 102 TA 97a
μg/plate - S9 %; inhibition + S9 %; inhibition - S9 %; inhibition + S9 %; inhibition
Ctrol + MMC 2-AF NOPD 2-AA
1184 + 42 1279 + 12 884 + 34 1083 + 67
9.7 1236 + 17 - 852 + 21 42*** 934 + 33 - 682 + 52 43***
19.5 1201 + 23 - 855 + 22 42*** 948 + 24 - 659 + 41 45***
39.0 1317 + 14 - 820 + 19 46*** 979 + 84 - 628 + 16 49***
58.5 1017 + 56 18* 754 + 9 52*** 1006 + 54 - 456 + 13 67***
78.0 979 + 51 22* 757 + 29 52*** 1026 + 75 - 523 + 86 60***

HK = (−)-Hinokinin; M ± SD = mean and standard deviation; Ctrol + = positive Control; NOPD = 4 -nitro-o-phenylenediamine (10.0 μg/ plate – TA98 and TA97a); SA = sodium azide (1.25 μg/ plate – TA100); MMC = mitomycin (0.5 μg/ plate – TA102), in the absence of S9 and B[a]P= benzo[a]pyrene (1.0 μg/ plate – TA 98); AFB1 = aflatoxin B1 (0.5 μg/ plate – TA 100); 2-AA = 2-anthramine (1.25 μg/ plate – TA 97a); 2-AF = 2-aminofluorene (10.0 μg/ plate – TA102), in the presence of S9.

* no antimutagenic effect (< 25%; inhibition).

** moderate effect (25%; - 40%; inhibition).

*** strong antimutagenic effect (> 40%; inhibition).

Resende et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 12:203   doi:10.1186/1472-6882-12-203

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