Table 4

Systems-Oriented Interventions

Intervention

Pop

CG

RA

Num

Time of Evaluation

Key Outcome Measures

Article

Care Coordination

Relative of cancer death

Y

Y

94

365 days pre-death

56 days post-death

Anxiety (HADA, Leeds Depression and Anxiety Scale); Depression (HADD, Leeds Depression and Anxiety Scale); Social Support (Family Apgar Scale)

Addington, MacDonald, et al, 1992

Emergency Room

Relative of Emergency Room Death

Y

N

100/66

180–365 days post-death

Changes in satisfaction of care, information received (author-created questionnaire)

Adamowski, Dickinson, et al, 1993

Hospice Care

Relative of cancer death

Y

Y-NE

96

42 days post-death

540 days post-death

Depression (CES-D); Anxiety (Rand Health Insurance Study); General Health (Rand Health Insurance Study); Social Functioning

Kane, Klein, et al, 1986

Palliative Care

Relative of cancer death

Y

Y

183

60–270 days pre-death

390 days post-death

Grief (TRIG2)

Ringdal, Jordhoy, et al, 2001

Relative of cancer death

Y

NR

119/49

0–60 days post-death

Anxiety, Depression, Mental Exhaustion ("observations and ratings")

Haggmark & Theorell, 1988

Relative of cancer death

Y

N

49/37

365 days post-death

Health, Anger, Mental State, Depression (Holland & Segroi's instrument)

Haggmark, Bachner, & Theorell, 1991

Witnessed Resuscitation

Relative of unsuccessful resuscitation

Y

Y

18

30 days post-death 90 days post-death

Grief (TRIG1, TRIG2); Avoidance/Intrusion (IESA, IESI); Depression (BDI, HADD); Anxiety (HADA, BAI)

Robinson, Makenzie-Ross, et al, 1998

Legend: Pop, Target Population; CG, Control Group; RA, Random Assignment; Num, Number of subjects; NR, Not Reported; Y, Yes; N, No; Y-NE Randomization mentioned, but allocation method not explicitly stated.

Forte et al. BMC Palliative Care 2004 3:3   doi:10.1186/1472-684X-3-3