Periodontal conditions, oral Candida albicans and salivary proteins in type 2 diabetic subjects with emphasis on gender

doi:10.1186/1472-6831-9-12

BMC Oral Health
Volume 9

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Klingspor L
Sundin U
Altamash M
Klinge B
Engström PE

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Sundin U
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Klinge B
Engström PE
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Research article

Periodontal conditions, oral Candida albicans and salivary proteins in type 2 diabetic subjects with emphasis on gender

Fawad Javed¹^,4 , Lena Klingspor² , Ulf Sundin³ , Mohammad Altamash⁴ , Björn Klinge¹ and Per-Erik Engström¹^,3

¹Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden

²Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden

³Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden

⁴Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan

author email corresponding author email

BMC Oral Health 2009, 9:12doi:10.1186/1472-6831-9-12


Published:	12 May 2009

Abstract

Background

The association between periodontal conditions, oral yeast colonisation and salivary proteins in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not yet documented. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between these variables in type 2 diabetic subjects with reference to gender.

Methods

Fifty-eight type 2 diabetic subjects (23 males and 35 females) with random blood glucose level ≥ 11.1 mmol/L were investigated. Periodontal conditions (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing pocket depth [PD] (4 to 6 mm and ≥ 6 mm), oral yeasts, salivary immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG and total protein concentrations, and number of present teeth were determined.

Results

Periodontal conditions (PI [p < 0.00001], BOP [p < 0.01] and PD of 4 to 6 mm [p < 0.001], salivary IgG (μg)/mg protein (p < 0.001) and salivary total protein concentrations (p < 0.05) were higher in type 2 diabetic females with Candida albicans (C. albicans) colonisation compared to males in the same group. Type 2 diabetic females with C. albicans colonisation had more teeth compared to males in the same group (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Clinical and salivary parameters of periodontal inflammation (BOP and IgG (μg)/mg protein) were higher in type 2 diabetic females with oral C. albicans colonisation compared to males in the same group. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the association of gender with these variables in subjects with T2D.