|
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for bladder cancer among regular users of NSAIDs, with adjustment for other drugs, and among exclusive users. |
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| Drug use |
Adjusted modela |
Exclusive use modelb |
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| Controls N(%) |
Cases N(%) |
OR (95%CI)c |
Controls N(%) |
Cases N(%) |
OR (95%CI)c |
|
|
|
||||||
| All NSAIDs |
||||||
| Never |
278 (61.0) |
232 (63.4) |
1.0 (reference) |
249 (68.0) |
211 (74.6) |
1.0 (reference) |
| Ever |
178 (39.0) |
134 (36.6) |
0.6 (0.4–0.9) |
117 (32.0) |
72 (25.4) |
0.6 (0.4–0.9) |
| Duration of used |
||||||
| ≤ 4 yrs |
61 (13.4) |
47 (12.8) |
0.7 (0.4–1.1) |
46 (12.6) |
25 (8.8) |
0.6 (0.4–1.1) |
| 4–10 yrs |
58 (12.7) |
37 (10.1) |
0.5 (0.3–0.8) |
35 (9.6) |
23 (8.1) |
0.6 (0.3–1.1) |
| >10 yrs |
59 (12.9) |
50 (13.7) |
0.7 (0.4–1.1) |
36 (9.8) |
24 (8.5) |
0.6 (0.4–1.1) |
| P for linear trende |
0.020 |
0.029 |
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| Aspirin |
||||||
| Never |
333 (73.0) |
263 (71.9) |
1.0 (reference) |
249(78.3) |
211(84.4) |
1.0 (reference) |
| Ever |
123 (27.0) |
103 (28.1) |
0.6 (0.4–0.9) |
69(21.7) |
39(15.6) |
0.5 (0.3–0.8) |
| Duration of used |
||||||
| ≤ 4 yrs |
43 (9.4) |
32 (8.7) |
0.5 (0.3–0.9) |
27(8.5) |
10(4.0) |
0.4 (0.2–0.8) |
| 4–9 yrs |
41 (9.0) |
24 (6.6) |
0.3 (0.2–0.6) |
21(6.6) |
12(4.8) |
0.5 (0.2–1.0) |
| >9 yrs |
39 (8.6) |
47 (12.8) |
0.9 (0.5–1.5) |
21(6.6) |
17(6.8) |
0.7 (0.4–1.4) |
| P for linear trende |
0.114 |
0.038 |
||||
| Ibuprofen |
||||||
| Never |
399 (87.5) |
332 (90.7) |
1.0 (reference) |
257 (88.3) |
214 (89.5) |
1.0 (reference) |
| Ever |
57 (12.5) |
34 (9.3) |
0.8 (0.5–1.2) |
34 (11.7) |
25 (10.5) |
0.9 (0.5–1.6) |
| Duration of used |
||||||
| ≤ 3 yrs |
22 (4.8) |
15 (4.1) |
0.9 (0.5–1.9) |
11 (3.8) |
11 (4.6) |
1.5 (0.6–3.7) |
| 3–10 yrs |
16 (3.5) |
8 (2.2) |
0.5 (0.2–1.3) |
10 (3.4) |
7 (2.9) |
0.7 (0.3–2.0) |
| >10 yrs |
19 (4.2) |
11 (3.0) |
0.8 (0.4–1.8) |
13 (4.5) |
7 (2.9) |
0.7 (0.3–1.8) |
| P for linear trende |
0.244 |
0.484 |
||||
|
a Model adjusted by age, sex, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and use of other NSAIDs and analgesics b Model adjusted by age, sex, and number of cigarettes smoked per day c Excluded 3 subjects missing number of cigarettes smoked per day. d Based on tertile of duration of use among controls. No NSAID use is referent. e Tests for trend were performed by including a single term for categorical duration of NSAID use using non-users as the reference category. | ||||||
Fortuny et al. BMC Urology 2007 7:13 doi:10.1186/1471-2490-7-13 |
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