¹ Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA

² Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik am Universtaetsklinikum, Heidelberg, Germany

³ Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA

⁴ Colleges of Medicine and Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

⁵ Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonary, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

⁶ Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA

⁷ Interventional Endoscopy Clinic, University Hospital AZ-VUB, Brussels, Belgium

⁸ Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

⁹ Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA

¹⁰ the VENT Study Group is provided at the end of the article