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Age and multivariate adjusted odds (OR, 95% CI) and hazard ratios (HR, 95% CI) of multimorbidity, metabolic diseases, and mortality, including additional models adjusted for smoking status or BMI, by educational level among men and women aged 50 to 75 years in the EPIC-Heidelberg cohort |
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| Men |
Women |
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| Educational level |
High |
Middle |
Low |
High |
Middle |
Low |
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|
|
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| OR |
OR |
95%-CI |
OR |
95%-CI |
OR |
95%-CI |
OR |
95%-CI |
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|
|
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| Multimorbidity: yes1 |
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| Age-adjusted |
1 |
1.32 |
1.12–1.55 |
1.43 |
1.28–1.61 |
1 |
1.13 |
0.97–1.33 |
1.33 |
1.18–1.57 |
|
| Smoking status -adjusted * |
1 |
1.34 |
1.14–1.58 |
1.46 |
1.30–1.64 |
1 |
1.14 |
0.97–1.34 |
1.38 |
1.20–1.60 |
|
| BMI- adjusted ** |
1 |
1.23 |
1.05–1.45 |
1.24 |
1.10–1.40 |
1 |
1.05 |
0.89–1.23 |
1.12 |
0.96–1.30 |
|
| Fully adjusted # |
1 |
1.21 |
1.02–1.43 |
1.28 |
1.12–1.46 |
1 |
1.06 |
0.89–1.25 |
1.16 |
0.99–1.36 |
|
| Metabolic diseases: yes2 |
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| Age-adjusted |
1 |
1.48 |
1.23–1.77 |
1.38 |
1.22–1.57 |
1 |
1.35 |
1.15–1.59 |
1.64 |
1.42–1.90 |
|
| Smoking status -adjusted * |
1 |
1.51 |
1.26–1.81 |
1.41 |
1.25–1.61 |
1 |
1.36 |
1.16–1.60 |
1.67 |
1.44–1.93 |
|
| BMI- adjusted ** |
1 |
1.34 |
1.11–1.61 |
1.09 |
0.96–1.25 |
1 |
1.21 |
1.03–1.42 |
1.25 |
1.18–1.46 |
|
| Fully adjusted # |
1 |
1.37 |
1.13–1.66 |
1.15 |
1.00–1.33 |
1 |
1.24 |
1.04–1.47 |
1.33 |
1.13–1.56 |
|
| HR |
HR |
95%-CI |
HR |
95%-CI |
HR |
95%-CI |
HR |
95%-CI |
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| All-cause mortality: yes |
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| Age-adjusted |
1 |
1.38 |
1.02–1.85 |
1.90 |
1.54–2.34 |
1 |
1.04 |
0.67–1.61 |
1.30 |
0.89–1.90 |
|
| Smoking status -adjusted * |
1 |
1.26 |
0.94–1.69 |
1.69 |
1.37–2.09 |
1 |
1.05 |
0.68–1.62 |
1.33 |
0.92–1.95 |
|
| BMI- adjusted ** |
1 |
1.36 |
1.01–1.83 |
1.82 |
1.46–2.25 |
1 |
0.99 |
0.64–1.54 |
1.23 |
0.83–1.81 |
|
| Fully adjusted # |
1 |
1.26 |
0.91–1.74 |
1.60 |
1.25–2.05 |
1 |
1.32 |
0.78–2.22 |
1.49 |
0.92–2.41 |
|
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* adjusted for smoking status and age (continuous; years) ** adjusted for BMI (continuous; kg/m2), and age (continuous; years) # adjusted for smoking status, BMI (continuous; kg/m2), fruit intake (continuous; g/day), vegetable intake (continuous; g/day), alcohol consumption (continuous; g/day), age (continuous; years), combined total physical activity index (inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, active) 1Presence of two or more of the prevalent chronic conditions mentioned in table 1 2Presence of prevalent metabolic diseases, including hyperuricemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension or dyslipidemia | |||||||||||
Nagel et al. BMC Public Health 2008 8:384 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-384 |
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