Table 4

Factors associated with neonatal mortality: unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio

VARIABLE

Unadjusted

Adjusted*

OR

95% CI

p

OR

95% CI

p

COMMUNITY LEVEL

Cluster type

Urban

1.00

Rural

1.34

1.03

1.72

0.03

Region

Bali/South Sulawesi/Jambi

1.00

1.00

Sumatera excl. Jambi

1.98

0.99

3.98

0.05

2.31

0.91

5.86

0.08

DKI Jakarta/West Java/Banten

1.89

0.95

3.75

0.07

2.17

0.87

5.39

0.10

Central Java/DI Yogyakarta

1.54

0.73

3.27

0.26

2.36

0.91

6.14

0.08

East Java

2.64

1.30

5.35

0.01

5.01

2.00

12.59

0.00

NTB/NTT

1.59

0.64

3.91

0.32

1.16

0.34

4.00

0.81

Kalimantan

2.01

0.9

4.47

0.09

1.87

0.63

5.54

0.26

North, Central and Southeast Sulawesi/Gorontalo

2.57

1.12

5.92

0.03

3.17

1.11

9.02

0.03

Mean maternal education in the cluster

0.94

0.89

0.99

0.01

Mean paternal education in the cluster

0.98

0.95

1.02

0.29

Mean household wealth index in the cluster

0.99

0.99

0.99

0.01

Mean number of antenatal care visits in the cluster

0.90

0.85

0.95

0.00

Percentage of newborns receiving postnatal care in the cluster

0.35

0.18

0.69

0.00

Percentage of deliveries assisted by trained birth attendants in the cluster

<25 per cent

1.00

1.00

25 per cent – 49 per cent

0.89

0.60

1.32

0.57

1.03

0.65

1.65

0.90

50 per cent – 74 per cent

0.79

0.54

1.17

0.24

0.78

0.48

1.26

0.31

75 per cent – 87.4 per cent

0.53

0.33

0.84

0.01

0.47

0.26

0.84

0.01

≥ 87.5 per cent

0.51

0.36

0.73

0.00

0.40

0.25

0.63

0.00

SOCIO ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS

Maternal marital status

Currently married

1.00

Formerly married

1.00

0.42

2.36

0.99

Maternal religion

Moslem

1.00

Christian

0.53

0.30

0.95

0.03

Other

1.13

0.49

2.62

0.78

Maternal education

0.97

0.94

1.00

0.07

Paternal education

1.01

0.98

1.05

0.35

Parental occupation

Mother without a job outside the home and father employed

1.00

1.00

Mother and father employed

1.47

1.14

1.89

0.00

1.84

1.35

2.50

0.00

Father unemployed

1.57

0.64

3.89

0.33

2.99

1.18

7.55

0.02

Paternal age when married

1.01

0.98

1.04

0.52

Household wealth index

0.99

0.99

0.99

0.01

0.99

0.99

1.00

0.61

PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS

Maternal age at child birth

0.98

0.97

1.00

0.14

0.99

0.96

1.02

0.48

Sex

Female

1.00

1.00

Male

1.25

0.98

1.61

0.08

1.49

1.10

2.02

0.01

Birth weight

2500 – 3500 grams

1.00

< 2500 grams

6.27

4.15

9.46

0.00

> 3500 grams

0.75

0.42

1.36

0.35

Not weighed

3.32

2.41

4.57

0.00

Birth size

Average

1.00

1.00

Smaller than average

2.96

2.13

4.11

0.00

2.80

1.98

3.98

0.00

Larger than average

0.81

0.55

1.18

0.26

0.85

0.58

1.25

0.41

Birth rank and birth interval

2^nd or 3^rd birth rank, birth interval >2 yrs

1.00

1.00

1^st birth rank

1.48

1.09

2.00

0.01

1.21

0.79

1.83

0.38

2^nd or 3^rd birth rank, birth interval ≤ 2 yrs

1.89

1.18

3.02

0.01

1.90

1.07

3.38

0.03

≥ 4^th birth rank, birth interval >2 yrs

1.32

0.91

1.93

0.15

1.12

0.67

1.87

0.68

≥ 4^th birth rank, birth interval ≤ 2 yrs

3.11

1.84

5.26

0.00

2.82

1.46

5.46

0.00

Desire for pregnancy

Wanted then

1.00

Wanted later

1.18

0.76

1.84

0.47

Wanted no more

1.30

0.80

2.11

0.29

Delivery assistance

Health professional

1.00

TBA/other

1.21

0.91

1.60

0.20

Delivery complications

None

1.00

1.00

Prolonged labor

0.80

0.55

1.18

0.26

0.70

0.46

1.07

0.10

Other

2.04

1.45

2.86

0.00

1.81

1.25

2.63

0.00

Mode of delivery

Non-Caesarean section

1.00

Caesarean section

0.95

0.49

1.82

0.88

Place of delivery

Home

1.00

Health facility

0.90

0.68

1.20

0.48

Postnatal care

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

0.48

0.34

0.67

0.00

0.63

0.42

0.95

0.03

* 1216 missing cases were excluded from the analysis

Titaley et al. BMC Public Health 2008 8:232   doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-232