Table 1

Trends in under-five mortality, population growth, access to clean water, and child vaccination

First Survey Year^a

Last Survey Year^a

Under-five mortality rate^b

Urban population growth^c

Access to safe drinking water^d

Full vaccination^e

1

Benin

1996

2001

-2.3

5.6

2.8

2.2

2

Burkina Faso

1992/93

2003

-0.8

6.3

2.8

-0.5

3

Cameroon

1991

2004

-0.1

5.0

0.1

0.6

4

Chad

1996/97

2004

-0.8

4.1

8.1

0.3

5

Côte d'Ivoire

1994

1998/99

0.9

4.7

0.3

5.7

6

Eritrea

1995

2002

-5.6

3.6

1.7

1.6

7

Ghana

1993

2003

0.3

4.6

-0.5

0.6

8

Kenya

1993

2003

2.2

7.4

-2.0

-4.1

9

Madagascar

1992

2003/04

-5.6

4.7

-1.5

1.6

10

Malawi

1992

2004

-4.6

5.8

-0.8

-1.7

11

Mali

1995/96

2001

-0.6

5.2

3.3

-0.6

12

Mozambique

1997

2003

-0.8

6.7

-2.7

-0.8

13

Namibia

1992

2000

-6.7

4.9

0.2

1.9

14

Niger

1992

1998

-2.7

5.8

0.7

0.2

15

Nigeria

1990

2003

1.2

5.3

-4.9

-5.4

16

Rwanda

1992

2000

-1.2

7.8

1.1

-2.3

17

Senegal

1992/93

1997

-2.9

4.3

0.1

3.3

18

Tanzania

1992

2004

-3.2

7.2

-1.2

-0.2

19

Togo

1988

1998

-2.6

5.3

0.8

1.5

20

Uganda

1995

2000/01

-5.0

5.0

6.6

-5.1

21

Zambia

1992

2001/02

-0.8

2.2

-0.9

0.3

22

Zimbabwe

1994

1999

1.8

4.9

0.2

-5.0

^aFirst and last demographic and health surveys (DHS) carried out between the 1990s and the 2000s.

^bAnnual variation of urban under-five mortality rate. Source: DHS.

^cAnnual growth of urban population (1980–2000). Source: Population Division, United Nations.

^dAnnual variation of the percentage of urban households with access to safe drinking water. Source: DHS.

^eAnnual variation of the percentage of urban children aged 12–23 months who are fully immunized. Source: DHS.

Fotso et al. BMC Public Health 2007 7:218   doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-218