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Associations between Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) dimensions and co-occurrence of risk factors in women (N = 28,894) |
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| Age adjusted model |
Fully adjusted model* |
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| 1 vs 0 risk factors |
2 vs 0 risk factors |
3–4 vs 0 risk factors |
1 vs 0 risk factors |
2 vs 0 risk factors |
3–4 vs 0 risk factors |
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| OR (95% CI)† |
OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
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|
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| Ecological score |
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| Effort (component of ERI) |
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| Low |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Intermediate |
0.88 (0.82–0.94) |
0.82 (0.75–0.89) |
0.78 (0.67–0.90) |
0.96 (0.90–1.03) |
0.93 (0.86–1.01) |
0.93 (0.80–1.09) |
| High |
0.79 (0.74–0.84) |
0.65 (0.60–0.70) |
0.59 (0.51–0.69) |
0.94 (0.87–1.01) |
0.81 (0.74–0.89) |
0.80 (0.67–0.95) |
| Rewards (component of ERI) |
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| High |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Intermediate |
1.05 (0.98–1.11) |
1.12 (1.03–1.21) |
1.08 (0.92–1.26) |
0.97 (0.95–1.11) |
1.03 (0.94–1.12) |
0.98 (0.84–1.16) |
| Low |
1.26 (1.18–1.35) |
1.61 (1.48–1.75) |
1.90 (1.63–2.20) |
1.03 (0.95–1.11) |
1.22 (1.11–1.35) |
1.35 (1.13–1.60) |
| Effort-Reward Imbalance |
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| Low ERI |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Intermediate ERI |
1.00 (0.93–1.06) |
1.10 (1.01–1.19) |
1.05 (0.89–1.23) |
0.98 (0.92–1.05) |
1.07 (0.99–1.16) |
1.02 (0.87–1.19) |
| High ERI |
1.21 (1.13–1.29) |
1.51 (1.39–1.64) |
1.83 (1.57–2.12) |
1.07 (1.00–1.15) |
1.25 (1.15–1.37) |
1.44 (1.23–1.69) |
| Individual score |
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| Effort (component of ERI) |
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| Low |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Intermediate |
0.87 (0.80–0.95) |
0.78 (0.69–0.86) |
0.72 (0.60–0.87) |
0.91 (0.84–1.00) |
0.84 (0.77–0.96) |
0.80 (0.67–0.97) |
| High |
0.86 (0.78–0.94) |
0.77 (0.70–0.87) |
0.70 (0.58–0.86) |
0.93 (0.85–1.02) |
0.86 (0.77–0.96) |
0.82 (0.67–1.00) |
| Rewards (component of ERI) |
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| High |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Intermediate |
1.09 (1.03–1.16) |
1.11 (1.03–1.20) |
1.13 (0.97–1.31) |
1.07 (1.00–1.14) |
1.08 (1.00–1.16) |
1.09 (0.93–1.27) |
| Low |
1.17 (1.10–1.26) |
1.33 (1.23–1.45) |
1.69 (1.45–1.96) |
1.11 (1.04–1.19) |
1.22 (1.12–1.33) |
1.51 (1.30–1.76) |
| Effort-Reward Imbalance |
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| Low ERI |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Intermediate ERI |
1.01 (0.95–1.07) |
0.99 (0.91–1.07) |
0.98 (0.84–1.14) |
1.02 (0.96–1.09) |
1.01 (0.93–1.09) |
1.01 (0.87–1.17) |
| High ERI |
1.10 (1.02–1.17) |
1.19 (1.10–1.30) |
1.36 (1.17–1.59) |
1.07 (1.00–1.15) |
1.15 (1.06–1.26) |
1.31 (1.12–1.52) |
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Only participants with no missing data in any of the covariates or ecological ERI were included in these models. (In the analyses for the individual ERI score, N = 28,544.) ERI, Effort-Reward Imbalance; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval *Adjusted for age, socioeconomic position, job contract, and marital status. †Statistically significant at 95% confidence level or better bolded. Risk factors are current smoker, BMI ≥25 kg/m2, physically inactive, and heavy drinker, where inactive individuals have <2 MET-hours/day, and heavy drinkers are women who consume on average >190 g of absolute alcohol per week. | ||||||
Kouvonen et al. BMC Public Health 2006 6:24 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-24 |
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