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Descriptive statistics and the mean number of risk factors by sociodemographic variables and Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) |
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| Women (N = 28,894) |
Men (N = 7233) |
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|
|
|
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| N (%) |
Mean number of risk factors (SD) |
N (%) |
Mean number of risk factors (SD) |
|
|
|
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| Age group (yr) |
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| 17 to 34 |
4913 (17) |
0.7 (0.8) |
1181 (16) |
1.0 (0.9) |
| 35 to 50 |
14,878 (51) |
0.9 (0.9) |
3543 (49) |
1.2 (0.9) |
| 51 to 64 |
9103 (32) |
1.0 (0.9) |
2509 (35) |
1.3 (0.9) |
| p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
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| Marital status |
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| Married or cohabiting |
21,506 (75) |
0.9 (0.8) |
5834 (81) |
1.2 (0.9) |
| Single, divorced or widowed |
7311 (25) |
0.9 (0.9) |
1399 (19) |
1.3 (1.0) |
| p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
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| Socioeconomic position |
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| Manual |
3579 (12) |
1.1 (0.9) |
2404 (33) |
1.4 (0.9) |
| Lower non-manual |
17,119 (59) |
0.9 (0.8) |
2057 (28) |
1.2 (0.9) |
| Upper non-manual |
8196 (28) |
0.8 (0.8) |
2767 (38) |
1.0 (0.9) |
| p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
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| Type of job contract |
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| Permanent |
23,833 (83) |
0.9 (0.9) |
6282 (87) |
1.2 (0.9) |
| Fixed term |
5061 (18) |
0.8 (0.8) |
951 (13) |
1.0 (0.9) |
| p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
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| Effort-Reward Imbalance (ecological score) |
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| Low |
9291 (32) |
0.8 (0.8) |
2826 (39) |
1.1 (0.9) |
| Intermediate |
10,202 (35) |
0.8 (0.8) |
2059 (28) |
1.2 (0.9) |
| High |
9710 (33) |
1.0 (0.9) |
2417 (33) |
1.4 (0.9) |
| p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
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| Effort-Reward Imbalance (individual score) |
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| Low |
9001 (31) |
0.9 (0.8) |
2657 (37) |
1.2 (0.9) |
| Intermediate |
11,085 (38) |
0.9 (0.8) |
2429 (33) |
1.2 (0.9) |
| High |
8758 (30) |
0.9 (0.9) |
2151 (30) |
1.3 (1.0) |
| p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
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| Lifestyle risk factors |
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| Current smoker |
4978 (17) |
1715 (24) |
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| Heavy drinker* |
2210 (8) |
890 (12) |
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| Physically inactive† |
7065 (25) |
1950 (27) |
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| Body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 |
11,454 (40) |
4252 (59) |
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| No. of risk factors |
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| Zero |
10,958 (38) |
1731 (24) |
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| One |
11,437 (40) |
2918 (40) |
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| Two |
5323 (19) |
19537(27) |
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| Three or four |
1176 (4) |
647 (9) |
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|
Only participants with no missing data in any of the variables were included. (In analyses for the individual level ERI score, N = 28,544 for women and N = 7170 for men.) SD, standard deviation p values from Chi Square test. *Average weekly consumption ≥190 g of absolute alcohol for women and >275 g for men. †< 2 MET hours. | ||||
Kouvonen et al. BMC Public Health 2006 6:24 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-24 |
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