Table 2 |
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|
Univariate analyses of composite variables constructed for each major route of transmission |
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|
EXPOSURE |
Cases |
Controls |
Univariate |
95% CI |
P-value |
|
|
|||||
|
N (%) |
N (%) |
OR |
|||
|
|
|||||
|
Drinking water |
|||||
|
Level of riska |
|||||
|
Boil water |
2 (7.7) |
4 (6.5) |
1.00 |
||
|
Filter or bottle water |
10 (38.5) |
27 (43.6) |
0.74 |
0.11, 5.02 |
0.754 |
|
Tap, no further treatment |
14 (53.9) |
31 (50.0) |
0.92 |
0.16, 5.30 |
0.929 |
|
Recreational water |
|||||
|
Swimming, hot tub/spring |
8 (30.8) |
18 (29.0) |
1.02 |
0.28, 3.75 |
0.973 |
|
Food sourcesb |
|||||
|
Unsafe foods consumed |
22 (84.6) |
59 (95.2) |
0.38 |
0.08, 1.79 |
0.223 |
|
Handle raw foods |
5 (19.2) |
28 (45.2) |
0.23 |
0.06, 0.85 |
0.028 |
|
All combined |
22 (84.6) |
60 (96.8) |
0.25 |
0.44, 1.44 |
0.121 |
|
Travel |
|||||
|
>100 miles from homec |
17 (65.4) |
18 (29.0) |
4.44 |
1.53, 12.8 |
0.006 |
|
To another country |
13 (50.0) |
3 (4.84) |
25.7 |
3.28, 201 |
0.002 |
|
Person-to-person (fecal) |
|||||
|
Day care/camp contact |
6 (23.1) |
19 (30.7) |
0.76 |
0.27, 2.14 |
0.604 |
|
Contact with diapers |
12 (46.2) |
31 (50.0) |
1.03 |
0.38, 2.78 |
0.959 |
|
Contact with people with diarrhea |
6 (23.1) |
13 (21.0) |
1.07 |
0.28, 4.09 |
0.927 |
|
All combined |
15 (57.7) |
39 (62.9) |
0.76 |
0.28, 2.09 |
0.599 |
|
Animal contact |
14 (53.9) |
45 (72.6) |
0.48 |
0.16,1.45 |
0.194 |
|
Sexual activityd |
9(52.9) |
20 (45.5) |
1.59 |
0.44, 5.74 |
0.476 |
|
|
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|
aTests for trend: linear P-value = 0.674; non-parametric extension of Wilcoxon rank sum P-value = 0.660. bUnpasteurized food consumption could not be analyzed because of insufficient data. cThis includes the subset who traveled to another country. dAny sexual relations in 2-week risk period or >1 sexual partner in last 6 months (asked of all adults over 18 years of age) |
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|
Khalakdina et al. BMC Public Health 2003 3:11 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-3-11 |
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