Table 3 |
|||||
| Outcomes by level of social disadvantage | |||||
| Outcome | No post-secondary education | Post-secondary education | Effect ratio | ||
| 230 FMU/ 230 OU OR (95% CI) | 609 FMU / 609 OU OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||
| N FMU / N OU | FMU / OU | N FMU / N OU | FMU / OU | No post sec./Post sec . | |
| Optimal outcome of birth* | 192/156 | 2.4 (1.5-3.9) | 510/434 | 2.7 (1.9-3.7) | 0.9 (0.5-1.6) |
| Perinatal outcomes | |||||
| Apgar score <9/5 min | 5/5 | 1.0 (0.3-3.5) | 10/15 | 0.7 (0.3-1.5) | 1.5 (0.3-6.6) |
| NICU admission >24 hours | 7/10 | 0.7 (0.3-1.8) | 11/13 | 0.8 (0.4-1.9) | 0.8 (0.2-3.0) |
| Infant readmission 0–28 days p.p. | 8/7 | 1.1 (0.4-3.2) | 15/28 | 0.5 (0.3-1.003) | 2.1 (0.6-7.0) |
| Maternal outcomes | |||||
| Intact perineum | 159/144 | 1.4 (0.9-2.1) | 355/322 | 1.3 (1.002-1.6) | 1.1 (0.7-1.8) |
| 3rd-4th degree perineal tear | 5/6 | 0.8 (0.6-2.7) | 14/18 | 0.8 (0.4-1.6) | 1.1 (0.3-4.5) |
| Maternal readmission 0–28 days p.p. | 4/10 | 0.4 (0.1-1.3) | 20/30 | 0. 7 (0.4-1.2) | 0.6 (0.2-2.2) |
| Interventions | |||||
| Caesarean section | 6/11 | 0.5 (0.2-1.5) | 13/23 | 0.5 (0.3-1.1) | 1.0 (0.3-3.5) |
| Instrumental delivery | 5/11 | 0.4 (0.1-1.3) | 20/50 | 0.3 (0.2-0.6) | 1.2 (0.3-4.2) |
| Syntocinon augmentation of labour | 19/40 | 0.4 (0.2-0.7) | 50/114 | 0.3 (0.2-0.5) | 1.0 (0.5-2.3) |
| Pain relief and position for birth: | |||||
| Epidural analgesia | 10/27 | 0.3 (0.1-0.7) | 25/59 | 0.3 (0.2-0.6) | 0.8 (0.3-2.1) |
| Water birth | 33/15 | 2.5 (1.3-4.9) | 126/56 | 2.6 (1.8-3.7) | 1.0 (0.4-2.0) |
| Upright position for birth | 43/28 | 1.6 (0.8-3.2) | 145/130 | 1.9 (1.4-2.7) | 0.8 (0.4-1.8) |
*Defined as uncomplicated birth with spontaneous onset of labour between 37 + 0 and 42 +0 weeks of gestation leading to spontaneous birth of an infant with a minimum Apgar score at 9 or 10 at 5 minutes. No shoulder dystocia, 3–4 degree perineal tear, no bleeding >500 ml, retained placenta, no caesarean section, no instrumental delivery, no medical augmentation of labour, and no episiotomy. (Women having medical analgesia (including epidural analgesia), CTG monitoring and amniotomy are included if not experiencing the mentioned complications or interventions).
Overgaard et al. BMC Public Health 2012 12:478 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-478
