Table 1 |
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Demographic characteristics and prevalence of metabolic disorders |
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Characteristics (%) |
Men (n = 2092) |
Death |
Women (n = 2197) |
Death |
p-valuec |
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|
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All-cause (n = 167) |
CVD (n = 42) |
All-cause (n = 91) |
CVD (n = 32) |
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Age (yrs.) |
0.0001 |
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|
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30-45 |
920 (44.0) |
16 (9.6) |
6 (14.3) |
1054 (48.0) |
13 (14.3) |
1 (3.1) |
|
|
45-55 |
533 (25.5) |
28 (16.8) |
5 (11.9) |
598 (27.2) |
15 (16.5) |
3 (9.4) |
|
|
≥ 55 |
639 (30.5) |
123 (73.7) |
31 (73.8) |
545 (24.8) |
63 (69.2) |
28 (87.5) |
|
|
|
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BMIa (kg/m²) |
< 0.0001 |
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|
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< 18.5 |
56 (2.7) |
10 (6.0) |
1 (2.7) |
125 (5.7) |
9 (9.9) |
3 (10.3) |
|
|
18.5-24.9 |
1273 (60.9) |
107 (64.1) |
25 (67.6) |
1500 (68.3) |
48 (52.8) |
18 (62.1) |
|
|
25-29.9 ≥ |
679 (32.5) |
44 (26.4) |
9 (24.3) |
479 (21.8) |
28 (30.8) |
8 (27.6) |
|
|
30 |
84 (4.0) |
6 (3.6) |
2 (5.4) |
93 (4.2) |
6 (6.6) |
0 (0.0) |
|
|
|
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BMIb (kg/m²) |
< 0.0001 |
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|
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< 18.5 |
56 (2.7)9 |
10 (6.0) |
1 (2.4) |
125 (5.7) |
9 (9.9) |
3 (9.4) |
|
|
18.5-24 |
78 (46.8) |
84 (50.3) |
19 (45.2) |
1279 (58.2) |
39 (42.9) |
16 (50.0) |
|
|
24-27 |
708 (33.8) |
57 (34.1) |
15 (35.7) |
528 (24.0) |
25 (27.5) |
9 (28.1) |
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|
≥ 27 |
350 (16.7) |
16 (9.6) |
7 (16.7) |
265 (12.1) |
18 (19.8) |
4 (12.5) |
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|
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Alcohol drinking |
982 (46.9) |
65 (38.9) |
13 (31.0) |
258 (11.7) |
10 (11.0) |
3 (9.4) |
< 0.0001 |
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|
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Smoking |
1116 (53.4) |
104 (62.3) |
24 (57.1) |
85 (3.9) |
9 (9.9) |
3 (9.4) |
< 0.0001 |
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|
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Betel nut chewing |
660 (31.6) |
57 (34.1) |
16 (38.1) |
61 (2.8) |
5 (5.5) |
2 (6.3) |
< 0.0001 |
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|
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Excercise |
1076 (51.4) |
90 (53.9) |
23 (54.8) |
1204 (54.8) |
42 (46.2) |
12 (37.5) |
0.03 |
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|
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Education |
< 0.0001 |
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|
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Less than elementary school |
550 (26.3) |
94 (56.3)53 (31.7) 20 (12.0) |
24 (57.1)13 (31.0)5 (11.9) |
811 (37.0)996 (45.4)388 (17.7) |
69 (75.8)19 (20.9) 3 (3.3) |
27 (84.4) 5 (15.6) 0 (0.0) |
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High school diploma |
996 (47.6) |
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More than high school |
546 (26.1) |
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Marital status |
< 0.0001 |
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Married |
1804 (86.3) |
133 (79.6) |
34 (81.0)1 (2.4)3 (7.1)4 (9.5) |
1780 (81.0) 87 (4.0) 216 (9.8) 114 (5.2) |
49 (53.9) 4 (4.4) 37 (40.7) 1 (1.1) |
15 (46.9) 1 (3.1)16 (50.0) 0 (0.0) |
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|
Divorced or separated |
54 (2.5) |
4 (2.4) |
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Widower or widow/Living together Single |
60 (2.8) 174 (8.4) |
16 (9.6) 14 (8.4) |
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|
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Income |
< 0.0001 |
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|
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No income |
228 (10.9) |
44 (26.5) |
10 (23.8) |
760 (34.7) |
47 (51.7) |
19 (59.4) |
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|
Less than 10,000 NTD |
197 (9.5) |
33 (19.9) |
9 (21.4) |
263 (12.0) |
27 (29.7) |
12 (37.5) |
|
|
10,000-40,000 NTD |
888 (42.6) |
63 (38.0) |
18 (42.9) |
886 (40.5) |
14 (15.4) |
1 (3.1) |
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|
More than 40,000 NTD |
772 (37.0) |
26 (15.7) |
5 (11.9) |
281 (12.8) |
3 (3.3) |
0 (0.0) |
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|
|
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Self-reported CVD |
277 (13.3) |
47 (28.1) |
19 (45.2) |
290 (13.2) |
36 (40.0) |
18 (58.1) |
0.9667 |
|
|
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MetS |
467 (22.3) |
58 (34.7) |
24 (57.1) |
347 (15.8) |
39 (42.9) |
20 (62.5) |
< 0.0001 |
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|
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High WC |
702 (33.6) |
64 (38.3) |
21 (50.0) |
742 (33.8) |
56 (61.5) |
25 (78.1) |
0.88 |
|
|
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AH |
596 (28.5) |
94 (56.3) |
32 (76.2) |
422 (19.2) |
50 (55.0) |
20 (62.5) |
< 0.0001 |
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|
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DM |
188 (9.0) |
35 (21.0) |
16 (38.1) |
147 (6.7) |
22 (24.2) |
11 (34.4) |
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HighTG |
464 (22.2) |
35 (21.0) |
13 (31.0) |
241 (11.0) |
20 (22.0) |
11 (34.4) |
< 0.0001 |
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|
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Low HDL-C |
479 (22.9) |
50 (29.9) |
15 (35.7) |
522 (23.8) |
25 (27.5) |
17 (53.1) |
0.50 |
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a: BMI classification according to the recommended standard of the WHO b: BMI classification according to the recommended standard of the Taiwan Department of Health c: Significance level of two sample t-test or chi-squared test for the difference in gender 1BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; AH, arterial hypertension; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MetS, metabolic syndrome; NTD, New Taiwan Dollar; TG, triglycerides; WC, waist circumference 2Central obesity was defined as WC ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women; AH was defined as an average SBP of ≥ 140 mmHg, DBP of ≥ 90 mmHg, or treatment for previously diagnosed AH; DM was defined as a FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or use of insulin or other hypoglycemic agents; High TG was defined as a serum triacylglycerol concentration ≥ 200 mg/dL (2.26 mmol/L); Low HDL-C was defined as a HDL-C < 40 mg/dL (1.03 mmol/L) in men and < 50 mg/dL (1.29 mmol/L) in women; The (modified) NCEP MetS was defined as having at least three of the following: (1) WC ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women; (2) SBP ≥ 130 mmHg, DBP ≥ 85 mmHg, or self-reported treatment with antihypertensive medications; (3) FPG ≥ 110 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L) or use of insulin or hypoglycemic agents; (4) serum TG ≥ 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L); (5) low HDL-C |
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Wang et al. BMC Public Health 2012 12:111 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-111 |
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