Research article
Prevention of type 2 diabetes in a primary healthcare setting: Three-year results of lifestyle intervention in Japanese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance
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* Corresponding author: Naoki Sakane nsakane@kyotolan.hosp.go.jp
1 Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
2 Department of General Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
3 Comprehensive Health Science Center, Aichi Health Promotion Foundation, Aichi, Japan
4 Diabetes Center, Tenri Yorozu-sodansho Hospital, Tenri, Japan
5 Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan
6 Division of Internal Medicine, Hananoki Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
7 Department of Diabetes and Metabolism,Marunouchi Hospital, The Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
8 Department of Health Science, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, Aichi, Japan
9 Division of Endocrinology, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
10 JPMA Pharmacoeconomics Program, Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
11 Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
12 Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan
13 Aino Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
14 National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
15 Higashiyama Takeda Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
BMC Public Health 2011, 11:40 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-40
Published: 17 January 2011Abstract
Background
A randomized control trial was performed to test whether a lifestyle intervention program, carried out in a primary healthcare setting using existing resources, can reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes in Japanese with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The results of 3 years' intervention are summarized.
Methods
Through health checkups in communities and workplaces, 304 middle-aged IGT subjects with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 24.5 kg/m2 were recruited and randomized to the intervention group or control group. The lifestyle intervention was carried out for 3 years by public health nurses using the curriculum and educational materials provided by the study group.
Results
After 1 year, the intervention had significantly improved body weight (-1.5 ± 0.7 vs. -0.7 ± 2.5 kg in the control; p = 0.023) and daily non-exercise leisure time energy expenditure (25 ± 113 vs. -3 ± 98 kcal; p = 0.045). Insulin sensitivity assessed by the Matsuda index was improved by the intervention during the 3 years. The 3-year cumulative incidence tended to be lower in the intervention group (14.8% vs.8.2%, log-rank test: p = 0.097). In a sub-analysis for the subjects with a BMI > 22.5 kg/m2, a significant reduction in the cumulative incidence was found (p = 0.027).
Conclusions
The present lifestyle intervention program using existing healthcare resources is beneficial in preventing diabetes in Japanese with IGT. This has important implications for primary healthcare-based diabetes prevention.
Trial registration number
UMIN000003136