Table 2

Treatment variables by treatment cohort

Parameter [statistic]
All patients
Olanzapine vs. non-olanzapine
Risperidone vs. non-risperidone
Haloperidol vs. non-haloperidol







OLZ
Non-OLZ

RIS
Non-RIS

HAL
Non-HAL


(N = 558)
(N = 390)
(N = 168)
p-value
(N = 72)
(N = 486)
p-value
(N = 132)
(N = 426)
p-value

Previous pharmacological treatmenta










     Any previous medication
     n (%)
291 (52.2)
191 (49.0)
100 (59.5)
0.022
45 (62.5)
246 (50.6)
0.060
64 (48.5)
227 (53.3)
0.335
     Any antipsychotic
     n (%)
214 (38.4)
130 (33.3)
84 (50.0)
< .001
38 (52.8)
176 (36.2)
0.007
52 (39.4)
162 (38.0)
0.778
          Olanzapine, n (%)
52 (9.3)
48 (12.3)
4 (2.4)

5 (6.9)
47 (9.7)

13 (9.8)
39 (9.2)

          Risperidone, n (%)
50 (9.0)
26 (6.7)
24 (14.3)

30 (41.7)
20 (4.1)

11 (8.3)
39 (9.2)

          Haloperidol, n (%)
45 (8.1)
30 (7.7)
15 (8.9)

5 (6.9)
40 (8.2)

25 (18.9)
20 (4.7)

          Quetiapine, n (%)
19 (3.4)
6 (1.5)
13 (7.7)

0 (0.0)
19 (3.9)

4 (3.0)
15 (3.5)

     Any benzodiazepine
     n (%)
106 (19.0)
75 (19.2)
31 (18.5)
0.830
10 (13.9)
96 (19.8)
0.236
22 (16.7)
84 (19.7)
0.435
          Lorazepam, n (%)
51 (9.1)
36 (9.2)
15 (8.9)

6 (8.3)
45 (9.3)

14 (10.6)
37 (8.7)

          Diazepam, n (%)
43 (7.7)
29 (7.4)
14 (8.3)

3 (4.2)
40 (8.2)

7 (5.3)
36 (8.5)

     Mood stabilizer
     n (%)
67 (12.0)
48 (12.3)
19 (11.3)
0.939
7 (9.7)
60 (12.3)
0.568
11 (8.3)
56 (13.1)
0.141
     Antidepressants
     n (%)
64 (11.5)
47 (12.1)
17 (10.1)
0.679
8 (11.1)
56 (11.5)
0.976
9 (6.8)
55 (12.9)
0.056

Antipsychotic monotherapy
n (%)
227 (40.7)
183 (46.9)
44 (26.2)
< .001
13 (18.1)
214 (44.0)
< .001
11 (8.3)
216 (50.7)
< .001
Concomitant benzodiazepine use










     Any benzodiazepine use
     n (%) [95% CI (%)]
389 (69.7) [65.7–73.5]
268 (68.7) [63.9–73.3]
121 (72.0) [64.6–78.7]
0.436
52 (72.2) [60.4–82.1]
337 (69.3) [65.0–73.4]
0.620
110 (83.3) [75.9–89.3]
279 (65.5) [60.8–70.0]
< .001
          Lorazepam, n (%)
248 (44.4)
177 (45.4)
71 (42.3)

35 (48.6)
213 (43.8)

65 (49.2)
183 (43.0)

          Diazepam, n (%)
175 (31.4)
109 (27.9)
66 (39.3)

29 (40.3)
146 (30.0)

75 (56.8)
100 (23.5)

          Other, n (%)
64 (11.5)
38 (9.7)
26 (15.5)

12 (16.7)
52 (10.7)

12 (9.1)
52 (12.2)

     Benzodiazepine doseb
     mean (SD), mg
81.3 (58.1)
77.9 (52.5)
89.0 (68.5)
0.081
86.4 (72.5)
80.6 (55.6)
0.497
76.4 (50.6)
83.3 (60.8)
0.296

a Patients may have received more than one previous pharmacological medication.

b Cumulative dose over the complete study period in mg diazepam equivalents.

Abbreviations: OLZ = olanzapine, RIS = risperidone, HAL = haloperidol.

Wilhelm et al. BMC Psychiatry 2008 8:61   doi:10.1186/1471-244X-8-61