|
Participant's beliefs concerning the cause of schizophrenic disorders (divided into six categories) (n = 404) |
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| Main reason |
Possible reason |
Not likely |
Definitely not |
|
| N (%) |
N (%) |
N (%) |
N (%) |
|
|
|
||||
| Biological causes |
||||
| Mental illness |
121 (30.0) |
122 (30.2) |
67 (16.6) |
94 (23.3) |
| Hereditary/genetic |
36 (8.9) |
122 (30.3) |
93 (23.1) |
152 (37.7) |
| Weak mental constitution |
91 (22.5) |
143 (35.4) |
64 (15.8) |
106 (26.2) |
| Psychosocial stressors |
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| Marital problems |
44 (11.0) |
154 (38.4) |
60 (15.0) |
143 (35.7) |
| Work stress |
70 (17.3) |
149 (36.9) |
83 (20.5) |
102 (25.2) |
| Busy lifestyle |
35 (8.7) |
102 (25.2) |
113 (28.0) |
154 (38.1) |
| Unemployment |
78 (19.3) |
122 (30.2) |
67 (16.6) |
137 (33.9) |
| Failure in love |
62 (15.4) |
143 (35.6) |
67 (16.7) |
130 (32.3) |
| Social Issues |
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| Loneliness |
100 (24.8) |
141 (34.9) |
62 (15.3) |
101 (25.0) |
| Bad upbringing |
38 (9.4) |
102 (25.2) |
97 (24.0) |
167 (41.3) |
| Sexual abuse during childhood |
24 (6.0) |
100 (24.9) |
97 (24.2) |
180 (44.9) |
| Personality Issues |
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| Anxious personality |
69 (17.1) |
146 (36.2) |
82 (20.3) |
106 (26.3) |
| Attention seeking behavior |
44 (10.9) |
145 (36.0) |
103 (25.6) |
111 (27.5) |
| Alcohol or other addictions |
31 (7.7) |
117 (29.0) |
74 (18.3) |
182 (45.0) |
| Religious reasons |
||||
| Punishment for sins |
63 (15.6) |
104 (25.7) |
83 (20.5) |
154 (38.1) |
| Fate |
36 (8.9) |
64 (15.9) |
93 (23.1) |
210 (52.1) |
| Gods will |
130 (32.3) |
67 (16.7) |
65 (16.2) |
140 (34.8) |
| Superstitious beliefs |
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| Black magic |
37 (9.2) |
79 (19.6) |
76 (18.9) |
211 (52.4) |
| Taweez |
27 (6.7) |
79 (19.6) |
90 (22.3) |
208 (51.5) |
| Nazar |
22 (5.5) |
78 (19.4) |
101 (25.1) |
202 (50.1) |
| Possessed by bad spirits |
27 (6.7) |
105 (26.1) |
80 (19.9) |
190 (47.3) |
| Extraterrestrial influence |
20 (5.0) |
57 (14.1) |
87 (21.6) |
239 (59.3) |
|
Each row totals to 404 (100%) | ||||
Zafar et al. BMC Psychiatry 2008 8:56 doi:10.1186/1471-244X-8-56 |
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