Table 1

Methodology
Study	Comparators	Doses (DDD)	Diagnoses	Age	Phase/status	N₀/N_itt/N₁	Follow-up	Funding

FIRST EPISODE

Crespo-Facorro et al. [24]	Haloperidol Olanzapine Risperidone	5.4 mg (0.68) 15.3 mg (1.53) 4.0 mg (0.80)	Schizophrenia and related, non-affective psychosis	15–60 years	Acute, first episode in- and outpatients	172/172/165	6 weeks	Independent

McEvoy et al. [25]	Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone	11.7 mg (1.17) 506.0 mg (1.27) 2.4 mg (0.5)	Schizophrenia, schizoaffective- schizophreniform disorder	16–40 years	Acute, first episode in- and outpatients	400/-/119	12 months	AstraZeneca company

Robinson et al. [26]	Olanzapine Risperidone	11.8 mg (1.18) 3.9 mg (0.78)	Schizophrenia, schizoaffective- schizophreniform disorder	16–40 years	Acute, first episode	120/112/81	4 months	Independent

ACUTE PHASE

Chrzanowski et al. [27]	Aripiprazole Olanzapine	22.0 mg (1.47) 14.2 mg (1.42)	Schizophrenia	≥ 18 years	Acute psychosis/chronic stable in- and outpatients	214/214/147	52 weeks	BMS/Otsuka

Kraus et al. [28]	Olanzapine Risperidone	12.4 mg (1.24) 3.4 mg (0.39)	Psychosis; positive symptoms	18–60 years	Acute, inpatients	85/-/68	Not defined	Independent

McCue et al. [29]	Aripiprazole Haloperidol Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone Ziprasidone	21.8 mg¹(1.45) 16.0 mg ¹(2.00) 19.1 mg ¹(1.91) 652.5 mg¹(1.63) 5.2 mg¹(1.04) 151.2 mg¹(1.89)	Schizophrenia, schizoaffective- schizophreniform disorder	≥ 18 years	Acute, inpatients	327/319/301	3 weeks	Independent

CHRONIC PHASE

Jerrel [30]	Olanzapine Risperidone Haloperidol Haloperidol (d) Fluphenazine (d)	13.8 mg (1.38) 5.3 mg (1.06) 15.5 mg (1.93) 6.3 mg (1.92) 3.0 mg (0.43)	Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder	18–54 years	Chronic, inpatients acute care	108/-/84	12 months	Independent

Lieberman et al. [31]	Olanzapine Perphenazine Quetiapine Risperidone Ziprasidone	20.1 mg (2.01) 20.8 mg (0.69) 543.4 mg (1.36) 3.9 mg (0.78) 112.8 mg (1.41)	Schizophrenia	18–65 years	Chronic, not treatment resistant, in- and outpatients	1493/1432/371	18 months	Independent

Mullen et al. [32]	Quetiapine Risperidone	329.0 mg (0.82) 5.0 mg (1.00)	Psychotic disorders²	> 18 years	Outpatients	728/-/493	4 months	AstraZeneca company

Ritchie et al. [33]	Olanzapine Risperidone	9.9 mg (0.99) 1.7 mg (0.34)	Schizophrenia	> 60 years	Outpatients, switch from FGAs	66/61/52	switch period (mean 40 days)	Eli Lilly company

Ritchie et al. [34]	Olanzapine Risperidone	12.4 mg (1.24) 2.0 mg (0.39)	Schizophrenia	> 60 years	Outpatients, switch from FGAs	66/61/42	6 months	Eli Lilly company

Rosenheck et al. [35]	Olanzapine Perphenazine Quetiapine Risperidone Ziprasidone	Not disclosed - - - -	Schizophrenia	18–65 years	Chronic, not treatment resistant, in- and outpatients	1493/1424/363	18 months	Independent

Stroup et al. [36]	Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone Ziprasidone	20.5 mg (2.05) 565.2 mg (1.41) 4.1 mg (0.82) 115.9 mg (1.45)	Schizophrenia	18–65 years	Chronic, not treatment resistant, in- and outpatients, discontinued previous SGA because of intolerability	444/333/88	18 months	Independent

Stroup et al. [37]	Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone	20.7 mg (2.07) 586.1 mg (1.47) 3.7 mg (0.74)	Schizophrenia	18–65 years	Chronic, not treatment resistant, in- and outpatients, discontinued Perphenazine	115/114/37	18 months	Independent

Swartz et al. [38]	Olanzapine Perphenazine Quetiapine Risperidone Ziprasidone	Not disclosed - - - -	Schizophrenia	18–65 years	Chronic, not treatment resistant, in- and outpatients	1493/985/455	18 months	Independent

Tunis et al. [39]	Olanzapine Risperidone Haloperidol Perphenazine	13.5 mg (1.35) 4.9 mg (0.99) 11.0 mg (1.37) 14.2 mg (0.47)	Schizophrenia, schizoaffective- schizophreniform disorder, ≥ 18 on the BPRS	≥ 18 years	Primarily outpatients	664/-/455	12 months	Eli Lilly company

Abbreviations: Comparators = Antipsychotics being compared in the studies; Doses = Mean daily doses of the antipsychotics; DDD = Defined Daily Doses of the antipsychotics; Diagnoses = Diagnoses defined in inclusion criteria; Age = Age of study participants; Phase = Phase of psychotic illness of study participants: acute or chronic; Status = Status of study participants: first episode, inpatients, outpatients; N₀= Number of participants at baseline; N_itt= Number in intention to treat group (not disclosed in all studies as indicated by (-)), N₁= Number of completers; Follow-up = Duration of study follow-up; Funding = Financial support of study; BMS = Bristol-Myers Squibb; Otsuka = Otsuka America Pharmaceuticals, inc.; Independent = Study financially supported by sources independent of the pharmaceutical industry. A = Aripiprazole, FGAs = First generation antipsychotics, H = Haloperidol, O = Olanzapine, P = Perphenazine, Q = Quetiapine, R = Risperidone, Z = Ziprasidone, BPRS = the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, d = depot formulation. ¹Mean maximum daily dosage ²Schizophrenia, schizophreniform -, schizoaffective -, delusional disorder, major depressive disorder with psychotic features, Alzheimer's dementia with psychotic symptoms, vascular dementia, dementia due to substance abuse
Johnsen and Jørgensen BMC Psychiatry 2008 8:31 doi:10.1186/1471-244X-8-31