Table 3

CES-D scores at post intervention as a function of treatment use and summary of regressions predicting CES-D scores at post intervention

Treatment Users
 Treatment Non Users
 Regression Statistics
Specific Treatments
 Meanb
 SE
 N
 Meanb
 SE
 N
 B
 SE
 p
 95%CI
Evidence Based









Antidepressants
 18.46
 .86
 108
 16.90
 .50
 306
 1.58
 .98
 .106
 -.34 – 3.50
CBT
 17.99
 1.12
 62
 17.18
 .47
 352
 1.97
 1.23
 .108
 -.44 – 4.38
Self-help books
 17.25
 .91
 96
 17.32
 .50
 318
 .24
 1.02
 .812
 -1.77 – 2.25
Exercise
 17.30
 .55
 260
 17.31
 .71
 154
 .00
 .88
 .998
 -1.73 – 1.73
Yoga
 17.48
 1.33
 44
 17.28
 .46
 370
 .41
 1.38
 .766
 -2.29 – 3.11
Massage
 16.19
 1.04
 72
 17.54
 .48
 342
 -1.12
 1.12
 .997
 -3.33 – 1.09
Relaxation therapy
 13.38
 1.22
 51
 17.86
 .46
 356
 -3.83
 1.29
 .003*
 -6.35 – -.30
Cut out alcohol
 17.68
 1.07
 68
 17.23
 .47
 346
 .48
 1.15
 .677
 -1.78 – 2.73
Use vitamins
 16.57
 1.17
 57
 17.42
 .47
 357
 -1.10
 1.24
 .378
 -3.53 – 1.34











Non-evidence based
Counselling
 19.54
 1.28
 47
 17.02
 .46
 367
 2.17
 1.34
 .105
 -.46 – 4.81
Eating chocolate
 16.91
 .90
 96
 17.42
 .49
 318
 -.45
 1.01
 .659
 -2.43 – 1.54
Listening to music
 17.61
 .59
 220
 16.95
 .63
 194
 .33
 .86
 .703
 -1.36 – 2.02
Being with pets
 16.73
 .62
 201
 17.85
 .60
 213
 -1.35
 .85
 .114
 -3.02 – .32
Doing things you enjoy
 15.72
 .55
 245
 19.6
 .66
 169
 -3.95
 .84
 .000**
 -5.60 – -2.31
Meditation
 16.42
 1.13
 61
 17.46
 .47
 353
 -.75
 1.20
 .531
 -3.10 – 1.60
Avoiding caffeine
 15.88
 1.31
 45
 17.48
 .46
 369
 -1.49
 1.36
 .273
 -4.16 – 1.18
Use alcohol
 19.35
 .96
 85
 16.78
 .48
 329
 2.29
 1.05
 .030*
 .22 – 4.37











Sources of Help
GP
 18.20
 .90
 99
 17.02
 .50
 315
 1.35
 1.01
 .183
 -.64 – 3.33
Counsellor/psychologist
 19.14
 1.13
 61
 16.07
 .47
 353
 2.09
 1.20
 .083
 -.28 – 4.46
Family and friends
 17.83
 .54
 267
 16.35
 .72
 147
 1.10
 .89
 .281
 -.65 – 2.85











Categories of Treatments









Professional treatments (0–6)





.74
 .32
 .021*
 .11 – 1.37
Everyday treatments (0–4)





-.39
 .26
 .133
 -.87 – .12
Complementary treatments (0–4)





-.89
 .51
 .079
 -1.88 – .10
Dietary treatments (0–6)





.24
 .52
 .646
 -.78 – 1.23

Notes: a: Linear regression was used for all analyses adjusting for condition and pre-intervention depression.

b: Estimated marginal means adjusted for mean CESD at pre-intervention (21.05).

Christensen et al. BMC Psychiatry 2006 6:13   doi:10.1186/1471-244X-6-13