Table 2 |
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|
Unadjusted associations between 6-month exclusive breastfeeding and potential predictors |
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|
Sample size N* |
Exclusive breast-feeding N* (%) |
Unadjusted odds ratio OR (95% CI)† |
|
|
|
|||
|
Household income (Canadian dollar) |
|||
|
<$30,000 |
908 |
98 (10.8) |
1 |
|
$30,000 to less than $60,000 |
1,640 |
194 (11.8) |
1.11 (0.84-1.47) |
|
$60,000 to less than $100,000 |
1,657 |
231 (13.9) |
1.35 (1.02-1.77) |
|
≥ $100,000 |
1,052 |
213 (20.2) |
2.11 (1.60-2.79) |
|
Place of residence |
|||
|
Rural area |
973 |
129 (13.3) |
1 |
|
Urban, population ≤ 499,999 |
1,976 |
247 (12.5) |
0.93 (0.75-1.17) |
|
Urban, population ≥ 500,000 |
2,436 |
363 (14.9) |
1.15 (0.92-1.43) |
|
Immigrant mother |
|||
|
No |
4,334 |
559 (12.9) |
1 |
|
Yes |
1,239 |
207 (16.7) |
1.36 (1.12-1.64) |
|
Marital status |
|||
|
No partner |
473 |
27 (5.7) |
1 |
|
Have a partner |
5,105 |
743 (14.6) |
2.79 (1.86-4.18) |
|
Moms perceived health |
|||
|
Excellent/very good |
4,022 |
596 (14.8) |
2.11 (1.30-3.43) |
|
Good |
1,274 |
154 (12.1) |
1.67 (0.99-2.80) |
|
Poor/Fair |
304 |
23 (7.6) |
1 |
|
Reaction when discovered pregnancy |
|||
|
Very happy/happy |
5,184 |
722 (13.9) |
1 |
|
Indifferent |
238 |
27 (11.3) |
0.78 (0.50-1.21) |
|
Very unhappy/Unhappy |
164 |
21 (12.8) |
0.89 (0.54-1.48) |
|
Smoking during pregnancy |
|||
|
No |
4,982 |
740 (14.9) |
3.15 (2.12-4.68) |
|
Yes |
607 |
32 (5.3) |
1 |
|
Alcohol drinking during pregnancy |
|||
|
No |
4,982 |
677 (13.6) |
0.82 (0.64-1.06) |
|
Yes |
586 |
94 (16.0) |
1 |
|
Health problems during pregnancy |
|||
|
No |
4,232 |
610 (14.4) |
1.23 (1.01-1.50) |
|
Yes |
1,365 |
164 (12.0) |
1 |
|
Support during pregnancy |
|||
|
None/Little of time |
289 |
37 (12.8) |
0.92 (0.61-1.40) |
|
Some of the time |
448 |
69 (15.4) |
1.14 (0.86-1.52) |
|
Most/All of time |
4,846 |
666 (13.7) |
1 |
|
Attended prenatal classes |
|||
|
No |
3,770 |
520 (13.8) |
1 |
|
Yes |
1,830 |
253 (13.8) |
1.00 (0.85-1.18) |
|
Prenatal care provider |
|||
|
Non-physician |
397 |
102 (25.7) |
2.34 (1.81-3.02) |
|
Physician |
5,175 |
668 (12.9) |
1 |
|
Type of setting of baby's birth |
|||
|
Hospital or clinic |
5,485 |
728 (13.3) |
1 |
|
Birthing centre |
43 |
7 (16.3) |
1.22 (0.44-3.39) |
|
Private home |
71 |
37 (52.1) |
7.13 (4.24-11.98) |
|
Type of delivery |
|||
|
Vaginal |
4,146 |
605 (14.6) |
1.31 (1.08-1.58) |
|
Caesarean |
1,456 |
168 (11.5) |
1 |
|
Baby's admission to NICU |
|||
|
No |
4,875 |
711 (14.6) |
1.83 (1.38-2.44) |
|
Yes |
722 |
62 (8.6) |
1 |
|
Baby's hospitalization after birth |
|||
|
No |
5,167 |
727 (14.1) |
1.46 (1.03-2.07) |
|
Yes |
432 |
44 (10.2) |
1 |
|
Mother's work status <6 months of delivery |
|||
|
No |
5,084 |
715 (14.1) |
1.30 (0.97-1.74) |
|
Yes |
491 |
55 (11.2%) |
1 |
|
Support after birth |
|||
|
None/Little of time |
322 |
61 (18.9) |
1.50 (1.07-2.09) |
|
Some of the time |
583 |
80 (13.7) |
1.02 (0.77-1.33) |
|
Most/All of time |
4,687 |
633 (13.5) |
1 |
|
Province‡ |
|||
|
Eastern- Atlantic |
323 |
28 (8.7) |
1 |
|
Eastern- Central |
3,523 |
448 (12.7) |
1.52 (1.21-1.91) |
|
Western- Prairies |
1,056 |
163 (15.4) |
1.89 (1.46-2.45) |
|
Western- British Columbia |
668 |
128 (19.2) |
2.46 (1.83-3.30) |
|
Northern territories |
33 |
7 (21.2) |
2.69 (2.06-3.53) |
|
Unadjusted Mean difference§ (95% CI)† |
|||
|
Mother's education level (years) |
5,538 |
1.20 (0.97-0.43) |
|
|
Age at first pregnancy (years) |
5,527 |
1.88 (1.47-2.29) |
|
|
Number of past pregnancies |
5,581 |
0.16 (0.04-0.28) |
|
|
Mother's age at selected birth (years) |
5,581 |
2.04 (1.67-2.41) |
|
|
Weight gained during pregnancy (Kg) |
5,535 |
-0.41 (-0.94-0.12) |
|
|
BMI before pregnancy (Kg/m2) |
5,508 |
-0.90 (-1.31--0.48) |
|
|
Infant's birth weight (grams) |
5,590 |
44.39 (0.05-0.30) |
|
|
Gestational age (weeks) |
5,419 |
0.17 (0.95-87.84) |
|
|
Number of stressful events |
5,556 |
-0.23 (-0.33--0.12) |
|
|
Number of prenatal visits |
5,364 |
-0.07 (-0.41-0.27) |
|
|
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale |
5,529 |
-0.28 (-0.63-0.08) |
|
|
|
|||
|
* Sample size is estimated using normalized weights † 95% CI were calculated using bootstrapping technique ‡ Eastern Atlantic: Newfoundland & Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island & New Brunswick; Eastern Central: Quebec & Ontario; Western Prairies: Manitoba, Saskatchewan, & Alberta; Western British Columbia: British Columbia; and Northern Territories: Yukon Territory, Nunavut & Northwest Territories. §Represents the difference between the mean of exclusive breastfeeders and non- exclusive breastfeeders (Meanexclusive breastfeeders - Meannon-exclusive breastfeeders). |
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|
Al-Sahab et al. BMC Pediatrics 2010 10:20 doi:10.1186/1471-2431-10-20 |
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