Figure 5.

Beclin 1-independent autophagy induced by proteasome inhibitors in ovarian cancer cells. A, Ovarian cancer cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of MG132, and Western blot was performed using the indicated antibodies. B, Ovarian cancer cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of MG132, Beclin 1 mRNA was measured using real-time PCR. C, OVCAR3 cells were transfected with control shRNA or shRNA against Beclin 1 (shBeclin 1), then treated with the indicated proteasome inhibitor, and LC3 transition was analyzed using Western blot analysis. D, OVCAR3 cells were transfected with control shRNA or shRNA against Beclin 1 (shBeclin 1), then treated with the indicated proteasome inhibitor, and AVs formation was measured using AO staining.