Table 3 |
||||
| Comparing Indigenous mothers and newborns from two remoteTEcommunities with otherTE RemoteIndigenous mothers and newborns, 2003-2005 | ||||
| Maternal and neonatal characteristics | Community 1a(n = 105) | Community 2a(n = 99) | OtherTE Remotea(n = 1,013) | Chi2or Fisher’s Test for trend |
| Maternal: | ||||
| Mean maternal age in years (±SD)[95% Confidence Interval] | 23.1 (±6.3) [21.9, 24.3] | 24.0 (±5.8) [22.8, 25.1] | 23.7 (±5.8) [23.2, 24.0] | |
| Maternal age < 20 years | 33.3% | 27.3% | 28.2% | 0.521 |
| Maternal age ≥ 35 years | 8.6% | 5.1% | 5.4% | 0.381 |
| First pregnancy | 33.3% | 30.3% | 31.0% | 0.876 |
| Fourth + pregnancy | 28.6% | 25.3% | 29.5% | 0.667 |
| Less than four antenatal visits | 6.7% | 10.1% | 9.9% | 0.600 |
| Mother reported smoking at first visit | 62.9% | 42.4% | 55.1% | 0.012 |
| Mother reported smoking at 36 weeks | 58.1% | 40.4% | 53.0% | 0.027 |
| Mother reported alcohol use at first visit | 4.8% | <5 | 9.8%* | 0.047 |
| Mother reported alcohol use at 36 weeks | <5 | <5 | 6.8% | 0.05 |
| Diabetes in pregnancyb | 8.7% | 10.3% | 11.3% | 0.879 |
| Out-of-hospital birthc | 4.8% | 6.1% | 4.7% | 0.773 |
| Epidural/spinal pain relief during labour | 4.8% | 6.1% | 5.5% | 0.936 |
| Narcotics for pain relief during labour | 29.5% | 25.3% | 20.4% | 0.064 |
| Augmented labour | 29.5% | 39.4% | 24.9% | 0.006 |
| Induced labour | 13.3% | 10.1% | 15.8% | 0.278 |
| Non-instrumental vaginal birthd | 61.9% | 64.7% | 68.7% | 0.286 |
| Instrumental vaginal birth | 11.4% | 7.1% | 5.5% | 0.064 |
| Caesarean section (CS) | 26.7% | 28.3% | 25.8% | 0.852 |
| Emergency CS as % of all CS | 85.7% | 85.7% | 70.9% | 0.074 |
| Fetal distress recorded | 19.7% | 27.1% | 20.8% | 0.439 |
| Episiotomy performed | 20.8% | 21.1% | 9.4% | <0.001 |
| Third/fourth degree tear | <5 | <5 | 1.9% | 0.322 |
| Mother LOS ≥ 4 days: vaginal births | 50.7% | 39.4% | 55.2% | 0.240 |
| Mother LOS ≥ 4 days: CS births | 100.0% | 89.3% | 91.6% | 0.227 |
| Neonatal: | ||||
| Stillbirth (Rate per 1,000 births) | 0 | <5 | 4.9/1,000 | 0.152 |
| Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes | 6.7% | <5 | 3.7% | 0.216 |
| Newborn needed serious resuscitatione | 18.1% | 14.1% | 11.0% | 0.074 |
| Preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation) | 16.2% | 15.2% | 12.1% | 0.374 |
| Low birthweight (<2,500 g) | 17.4% | 14.1% | 11.1% | 0.140 |
| Admission to special care (SC) | 36.2% | 28.3% | 19.7% | <0.001 |
< 5: Less than 5 counts – data not shown.
a Number shown is percent unless otherwise stated.
b Refers to any mention of diabetes in pregnancy, i.e., mother had either pre-existing diabetes or gestational diabetes recorded.
c Refers to planned home-births, births at community health centres, ‘born-before-arrival’ births, births in hostels, etc.
d Includes vaginal breech cases.
e Refers to resuscitation with mask and bag, external cardiac massage or intubation.
Steenkamp et al. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2012 12:44 doi:10.1186/1471-2393-12-44
