Table 2 |
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|
Adjusted multivariable logistic regression models for ante-partum and intra-partum risk factors associated with PPH (blood loss ≥500 mL) for vaginal deliveries |
||||||||
|
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
|||||
|
antepartum |
intra-partum |
AMTSL |
Full model |
|||||
|
|
||||||||
|
OR for PPH |
95% CI |
OR for PPH |
95% CI |
OR for PPH |
95% CI |
OR for PPH |
95% CI |
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Ante-Partum |
||||||||
|
Age |
||||||||
|
< 30 |
1.00 |
- |
- |
1.00 |
||||
|
30 + |
1.47 |
(0.75, 2.88) |
- |
- |
2.04 |
(0.92, 4.52) |
||
|
Education |
||||||||
|
illiterate |
0.83 |
- |
- |
1.00 |
||||
|
literate |
1.00 |
(0.39, 1.79) |
- |
- |
0.62 |
(0.28, 1.42) |
||
|
Parity |
||||||||
|
multiparous |
1.21 |
- |
- |
1.00 |
||||
|
nuliparous |
1.00 |
(0.67, 2.19) |
- |
- |
0.84 |
(0.40, 1.78) |
||
|
Antenatal care |
||||||||
|
1 visit |
1.00 |
- |
- |
1.00 |
||||
|
No ANC |
2.67 |
(0.58, 12.32) |
1.61 |
(0.30, 8.51) |
||||
|
2-3 visits |
7.02 |
(1.49, 33.01) |
5.89 |
(1.13, 30.62) |
||||
|
4+ visits |
10.63 |
(2.30, 49.03) |
- |
- |
7.43 |
(1.44, 38.46) |
||
|
History of PPH |
||||||||
|
None |
1.00 |
- |
- |
1.00 |
||||
|
Prior PPH |
105.44 |
(15.14, 734.53) |
- |
- |
305.14 |
(48.02, 1938.87) |
||
|
Previous obstetric complications |
||||||||
|
none |
1.00 |
- |
- |
1.00 |
||||
|
prior non-PPH complications |
0.26 |
(0.04, 1.84) |
- |
- |
0.25 |
(0.02, 3.80) |
||
|
Membranes |
||||||||
|
ruptured |
1.00 |
- |
- |
1.00 |
||||
|
intact |
1.35 |
(0.73, 2.50) |
- |
- |
1.06 |
(0.54, 2.09) |
||
|
Anemia |
||||||||
|
Ante-partum hemoglobine> 11 mg/dl |
1.00 |
- |
- |
1.00 |
||||
|
Ante-partum hemoglobine < = 11 mg/dl |
1.76 |
(0.98, 3.16) |
- |
- |
2.73 |
(1.43, 5.23) |
||
|
Cervical dilation on admission |
||||||||
|
up to 3 cm |
1.00 |
- |
- |
1.00 |
||||
|
4-7 cm |
3.62 |
(0.51, 25.77) |
- |
- |
4.60 |
(0.70, 30.38) |
||
|
> 7 cm |
3.67 |
(0.47, 28.62) |
- |
- |
6.34 |
(0.87, 45.94) |
||
|
Intra-partum |
||||||||
|
Delivery |
||||||||
|
Spontaneous delivery |
- |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
||||
|
vaginal delivery with instruments |
- |
1.37 |
(0.13, 14.22) |
1.35 |
(0.11, 15.87) |
3.59 |
(0.35, 36.79) |
|
|
Episiotomy |
||||||||
|
no |
- |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
||||
|
yes |
- |
1.60 |
(0.97, 2.63) |
1.55 |
(0.94, 2.56) |
1.72 |
(0.69, 4.30) |
|
|
Labor augmentation |
||||||||
|
no |
- |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
||||
|
yes |
- |
1.77 |
(1.11, 2.81) |
1.94 |
(1.17, 3.20) |
2.37 |
(1.14, 4.93) |
|
|
Complete placenta expulsion |
||||||||
|
yes |
- |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
||||
|
no |
- |
1.32 |
(0.55, 3.16) |
2.91 |
(0.56, 15.07) |
21.68 |
(4.41, 106.54) |
|
|
Vaginal tears |
||||||||
|
no |
- |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
||||
|
yes |
- |
3.37 |
(0.59, 19.41) |
1.70 |
(0.79, 3.67) |
2.27 |
(0.94, 5.50) |
|
|
Fetal weights |
||||||||
|
< 3500 mg |
- |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
||||
|
Macrosomia (> 3500 mg) |
- |
1.35 |
(0.85, 2.15) |
1.59 |
(1.01, 2.50) |
0.99 |
(0.53, 1.88) |
|
|
Length of 1st and 2nd stage |
||||||||
|
< 1 hour |
- |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
||||
|
1 - 2.9 hours |
- |
2.42 |
(1.15, 5.06) |
2.45 |
(1.14, 5.26) |
1.95 |
(0.62, 6.15) |
|
|
3 - 4.9 hours |
- |
3.25 |
(1.62, 6.53) |
3.77 |
(1.86, 7.65) |
4.93 |
(1.55, 15.70) |
|
|
5 + hours |
- |
2.66 |
(1.22, 5.82) |
3.12 |
(1.44, 6.74) |
5.75 |
(1.73, 19.14) |
|
|
AMTSL |
||||||||
|
Yes |
- |
1.00 |
- |
- |
||||
|
No |
- |
9.44 |
(5.57, 16.01) |
- |
- |
|||
|
AMTSL components |
||||||||
|
Use of uterotonics in 3rd stage |
||||||||
|
yes |
- |
- |
1.00 |
1.00 |
||||
|
no |
- |
- |
9.75 |
(4.58, 20.77) |
11.26 |
(3.91, 32.47) |
||
|
Early cord clamping |
||||||||
|
yes |
- |
- |
1.00 |
1.00 |
||||
|
no |
- |
- |
1.36 |
(0.31, 6.04) |
3.08 |
(0.52, 18.43) |
||
|
Cord traction |
||||||||
|
yes |
- |
- |
1.00 |
1.00 |
||||
|
no |
- |
- |
1.22 |
(0.21, 7.06) |
8.26 |
(1.02, 67.00) |
||
|
Uterine massage |
||||||||
|
yes |
- |
- |
1.00 |
1.00 |
||||
|
no |
- |
- |
4.47 |
(0.94, 21.33) |
0.64 |
(0.07, 5.58) |
||
|
|
||||||||
|
Prata et al. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2011 11:97 doi:10.1186/1471-2393-11-97 |
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