Table 2

Associations of childhood and adulthood direct pesticide application with PD in negative history families.


% Exposed*









Cases, n = 228
Controls, n = 215
p for trend (GEE model 1)**
OR and 95% CI (GEE model 2)**

History of pesticide use




     Ever
62.7
47.4

1.80
1.20–2.70
     Never
37.3
52.6

1.00
Referent
Frequency (days/year)

<0.001


     >10
24.1
11.2

2.55
1.38–4.73
     4–10
15.8
13.0

1.58
0.84–2.99
     <4
19.7
18.6

1.52
0.89–2.62
     Never
37.3
52.6

1.00
Referent
Duration (years)

0.012


     >25
21.9
13.5

1.98
1.14–3.46
     10–25
18.4
18.6

1.32
0.76–2.28
     <10
17.5
11.6

2.04
1.08–3.88
     Never
37.3
52.6

1.00
Referent
Cumulative exposure (days)

<0.001


     >179
21.9
10.7

3.25
1.84–5.73
     42–179
18.0
15.3

1.46
0.80–2.68
     <42
15.4
14.0

1.48
0.83–2.66
     Never
37.3
52.6

1.00
Referent

*Column totals may not sum to 100 due to rounding or missing data.

**GEE model adjusted for AAE, sex, cigarette smoking, and caffeine consumption.

Hancock et al. BMC Neurology 2008 8:6   doi:10.1186/1471-2377-8-6