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Genome-wide significance for a modifier of age at neurological onset in Huntington's Disease at 6q23-24: the HD MAPS study

Jian-Liang Li1,2,3 email, Michael R Hayden4 email, Simon C Warby4 email, Alexandra Durr5 email, Patrick J Morrison6,7 email, Martha Nance8 email, Christopher A Ross9,10,11 email, Russell L Margolis9,10 email, Adam Rosenblatt9 email, Ferdinando Squitieri12 email, Luigi Frati13 email, Estrella Gómez-Tortosa14 email, Carmen Ayuso García14 email, Oksana Suchowersky15 email, Mary Lou Klimek15 email, Ronald JA Trent16 email, Elizabeth McCusker17 email, Andrea Novelletto18 email, Marina Frontali19 email, Jane S Paulsen20 email, Randi Jones21 email, Tetsuo Ashizawa22 email, Alice Lazzarini23,24 email, Vanessa C Wheeler25 email, Ranjana Prakash1 email, Gang Xu1,2 email, Luc Djoussé26 email, Jayalakshmi Srinidhi Mysore25 email, Tammy Gillis25 email, Michael Hakky25 email, L Adrienne Cupples27 email, Marie H Saint-Hilaire1 email, Jang-Ho J Cha28 email, Steven M Hersch28 email, John B Penney28 email, Madaline B Harrison29 email, Susan L Perlman30 email, Andrea Zanko31 email, Ruth K Abramson32 email, Anthony J Lechich33 email, Ayana Duckett33 email, Karen Marder33 email, P Michael Conneally34 email, James F Gusella25,35 email, Marcy E MacDonald25 email and Richard H Myers1,2 email

1Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA

2Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

3Department of Biological Technologies, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA, USA

4Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

5INSERM U679, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France

6Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK

7School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK

8Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

9Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

10Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

11Department of Neuroscience, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

12Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy

13Dept of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University "La Sapienza" of Rome, Rome, Italy

14Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain

15Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

16Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

17Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia

18Department of Biology, University "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy

19Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, CNR, Rome, Italy

20Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

21Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

22Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA

23Department of Neurology, Robert Wood Johnson school of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, USA

24Novartis Pharmaceuticals, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

25Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

26Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA

27Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston MA, USA

28Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

29Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

30Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA

31Division of Medical Genetics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA

32WMS Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, South Carolina, USA

33Department of Neurology, Columbia College of Physicians, New York, NY, USA

34Department of Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

35Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

author email corresponding author email

BMC Medical Genetics 2006, 7:71doi:10.1186/1471-2350-7-71

Published: 17 August 2006

Abstract

Background

Age at onset of Huntington's disease (HD) is correlated with the size of the abnormal CAG repeat expansion in the HD gene; however, several studies have indicated that other genetic factors also contribute to the variability in HD age at onset. To identify modifier genes, we recently reported a whole-genome scan in a sample of 629 affected sibling pairs from 295 pedigrees, in which six genomic regions provided suggestive evidence for quantitative trait loci (QTL), modifying age at onset in HD.

Methods

In order to test the replication of this finding, eighteen microsatellite markers, three from each of the six genomic regions, were genotyped in 102 newly recruited sibling pairs from 69 pedigrees, and data were analyzed, using a multipoint linkage variance component method, in the follow-up sample and the combined sample of 352 pedigrees with 753 sibling pairs.

Results

Suggestive evidence for linkage at 6q23-24 in the follow-up sample (LOD = 1.87, p = 0.002) increased to genome-wide significance for linkage in the combined sample (LOD = 4.05, p = 0.00001), while suggestive evidence for linkage was observed at 18q22, in both the follow-up sample (LOD = 0.79, p = 0.03) and the combined sample (LOD = 1.78, p = 0.002). Epistatic analysis indicated that there is no interaction between 6q23-24 and other loci.

Conclusion

In this replication study, linkage for modifier of age at onset in HD was confirmed at 6q23-24. Evidence for linkage was also found at 18q22. The demonstration of statistically significant linkage to a potential modifier locus opens the path to location cloning of a gene capable of altering HD pathogenesis, which could provide a validated target for therapeutic development in the human patient.


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