Table 1 |
|||||
| Demographics of 191 immunosuppressed patients undergoing BAL for suspicion of Invasive fungal disease, classified according to the EORTC/NIAID | |||||
| Patient characteristics | All | Possible | Probable | Proven | No |
| Patient number (%) | 191(100) | 42(22) | 8(4.2) | 3(1.6) | 138(72.3) |
| Age, yr | 50.5(19–80) | 44(22–80) | 49.5(24–60) | 42.67(29–70) | 52.4(19–79) |
| Male gender (%) | 116(60.7) | 28(66.7) | 4(50) | 3(100) | 81(58.7) |
| Symptoms | |||||
| Fever (%) | 95(49.7) | 29(69) | 3(37) | 1(33.3) | 62(44.9) |
| Cough (%) | 97(50.8) | 22(52.4) | 4(50) | 1(33.3) | 70(50.7) |
| Dyspnea (%) | 75(39.3) | 15(35.7) | 4(50) | 0 | 56(40.6) |
| Sputum (%) | 40(20.9) | 10(23.8) | 0 | 0 | 30(21.7) |
| Chills (%) | 17(8.9) | 1(2.4) | 2(25) | 0 | 14(10.1) |
| Chest radiograph/CT scan | |||||
| Infiltrates (%) | 105(55) | 24(57.1) | 6(75) | 2(66.7) | 73(52.9) |
| Suspicion of fungi lesion (%) | 53(27.7) | 17(40.5) | 4(50) | 3(100) | 29(21) |
| Stem cell transplantation | |||||
| Allogen (%) | 48(25.1) | 11(26.2) | 4(100) | 3(100) | 30(21.7) |
| Autolog (%) | 12(6.3) | 6(14.3) | 0 | 0 | 6(4.3) |
| Immunosuppressive therapy | |||||
| Steroids (%) | 67(35.1) | 13(31) | 2(25) | 0 | 52(37.7) |
| Ciclosporine (%) | 48(25.1) | 13(31) | 4(50) | 1(33.3) | 30(21.7) |
| Mycophenolate (%) | 28(14.7) | 4(9.5) | 0 | 0 | 24(17.4) |
| Azathioprine (%) | 9(4.7) | 2(4.8) | 1(12.5) | 0 | 6(5.3) |
| Sirolimus (%) | 10(5.2) | 2(4.8) | 1(12.5) | 0 | 7(5.1) |
| Tacrolimus (%) | 8(4.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8(5.8) |
| Antimicrobial therapy at bronchoscopy | |||||
| Antibacterial (%) | 163(85.3) | 39(92.9) | 8(100) | 3(100) | 113(81.3) |
| Antiviral (%) | 66(34.6) | 13(31) | 3(37.5) | 2(66.7) | 48(34.8) |
| Antifungal (%) | 111(58.1) | 32(76.2) | 7(87.5) | 3(100) | 69(50) |
| Disease | |||||
| Hematologic disorders (%) | 129(67.5) | 33(78.6) | 8(100) | 3(100) | 85(61.6) |
| Solid organ transplants (%) | 26(13.6) | 4(9.5) | 0 | 0 | 22(15.9) |
| AIDS (%) | 12(6.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12((8.7) |
| Autoimmune disorders (%) | 24(12.6) | 5(11.9) | 0 | 0 | 19(13.8) |
| Microbiology | |||||
| Aspergillus culture BAL (%) | 8(4.2) | 2(4.8) | 2(25) | 1(33.3) | 3(2.2) |
| Bacteriology BAL (%) | 28(14.7) | 3(7.1) | 1(12.5) | 0 | 24(17.4) |
| Positive nPCR BAL (%) | 55(28.8) | 10(23.8) | 4(50) | 0 | 41(29.7) |
| Galactamannan in blood, ng/ml | 0.226(0.1-3) | 0.171(0.1-0.5) | 0.488(0.1-1.3) | 1.1(0.1-3) | 0.178(0.1-1.3) |
| CRP (mg/L) | 76.4(0–410) | 84.8(0.9-296) | 71.8(2.9-240) | 61.6(6.8-116) | 74(0–410) |
| Leukocytes (x103/L) | 7.8 | 4.8 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 9.2 |
| BAL cells (x106/L) | 313.8 | 183.6 | 159.4 | 678.3 | 351.6 |
| macrophages (in%) | 69.1 | 71.0 | 82.4 | 60.5 | 68 |
| lymphocytes (in%) | 15.7 | 15.3 | 11.8 | 4.0 | 16.2 |
| neutrophiles (in%) | 16.4 | 9.4 | 6.7 | 35.5 | 18.5 |
| eosinophiles (in%) | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 1 |
Abbreviations: BAL = Bronchoalveolar lavage.
Buess et al. BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:237 doi:10.1186/1471-2334-12-237
