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Criteria used in overall quality judgement |
|
| Aspect |
Score |
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|
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| Origin of items |
2 if items were specially collected for use in elderly people with dementia/CI |
| 1 if items were modified for use in elderly people with dementia/CI |
|
| 0 if items originated from a scale developed for another population |
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| Number of participants* |
2 if N => 100 and the number of elderly people with dementia included was considerable relative to the number of items/variables or 50 < N < 100 and corrected for multiple testing |
| 1 if 50 < N < 100 and the number of elderly people with dementia included was considerable relative to the number of items/variables or N < 50 and corrected for multiple testing |
|
| 0 if N < 50, not corrected for multiple testing and small number of elderly people with dementia included |
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| Content validity |
2 if scale seems to cover all important items/dimensions (in the reviewers' opinion): pain items were collected for the specific population and different sources/methods were used to collect items |
| 1 if the scale seems to cover important items/dimensions to a moderate extent (in the reviewers' opinion): items were adapted to the population and different sources/methods were used to collect items |
|
| 0 if the scale does not seem to cover the important items/dimensions (in the reviewers' opinion) |
|
| Criterion validity |
2 if correlates acceptable to high (r > .60) according to the 'gold standard' or acceptable according to a 'silver standard' and sensitivity/specificity is determined to be acceptable |
| 1 if correlates moderate-acceptable (.40 < r < .60) according to the 'gold standard' or acceptable according to a 'silver standard' |
|
| 0 if correlates low (r < .40) or no information is provided |
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| Construct validity in relation to other pain tool |
2 if correlates with other pain measures acceptable to high (r > .60) 1 if correlates with other pain measures are moderate (r > .40 < .60) 0 if correlations are low (r <,40) or no information is provided |
| Construct validity II differentiation |
2 if the scale differentiates well (in the reviewers' opinion) between pain and no pain, calm and distressed, pre- and post-medication etc. |
| 1 if the scale differentiates moderately well (in the reviewers' opinion) between pain and no pain, pre- and post-medication |
|
| 0 if the scale does not differentiate or no information is provided |
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| Homogeneity* |
2 if .70 < alpha < .90 |
| 1 if alpha > .90 or > .60 alpha <.70 |
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| 0 if alpha < .60 or no information is provided |
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| Inter-rater reliability # $ |
2 if reliability coefficient >.80 |
| 1 if .60 < reliability coefficient < .80 |
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| 0 if reliability coefficient < .60 or no information is provided |
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| Intra-rater and/or test-retest reliability $ |
2 if reliability coefficient >.80 1 if .60 < reliability coefficient < .80 |
| 0 if reliability coefficient < .60 or no information is provided |
|
| Feasibility |
2 if scale is short, manageable with instructions, scoring interpretation |
| 1 if scale is manageable (one format) |
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| 0 if scale is more complex |
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Total score ranges from 0 to 20 # The type of reliability analysis is not specified in the criteria used, although it influences the value of the coefficient * The number of items in the scale is not specified in relation to this criterion although it influences the value of the coefficient $ item scores 0 if based on interview (instead of e.g. behavioural observations) | |
Zwakhalen et al. BMC Geriatrics 2006 6:3 doi:10.1186/1471-2318-6-3 |
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