Table 4

Multiple linear regression analyses of parent reports of the six KINDL® sub-scale scores

Physical functioning
 Emotional well-being
 Self-esteem
 Family
 Friends
 School
Age of child (years)a
 -1.80***
 -2.12***
 -3.46***
 -0.68*
 -0.76**
 -6.23***
Sex





     (Female)





     Male
 2.56***
 0.61
 -0.76
 -0.52
 0.27
 -1.27**
Body Mass Index





     (Normal)





     Underweight
 1.41
 -0.54
 -1.19
 -1.99*
 -1.45
 0.47
     At-risk of overweight
 1.02
 -0.17
 -0.86
 -1.10
 -2.00**
 -1.11
     Over weight
 -0.87
 -0.54
 -2.22***
 -0.71
 -1.39*
 -0.94
Hyperglycemia symptoms





     (None)





     1–2 symptoms
 -6.77***
 -3.93***
 -3.74***
 -3.99***
 -1.84***
 -3.02***
     3–4 symptoms
 -16.85***
 -10.40***
 -9.65***
 -9.11***
 -6.62***
 -7.85***
     5 or more symptoms
 -30.64***
 -21.79***
 -20.62***
 -11.85***
 -13.02***
 -18.53***
Race/Ethnicityb





     (Non-Hispanic White)





     Hispanic
 1.14
 0.58
 2.93***
 2.35***
 1.83***
 -0.56
Family history of diabetes





     (No)
 -2.31***
 -0.77
 0.37
 -0.55
 -0.34
 -0.66
Child diagnosed with diabetes





     (No)
 -5.52*
 -5.65*
 -4.92
 0.81
 -4.00
 -4.10
Family income





     (60 k+)





     <20 k
 -0.65
 -1.56*
 -1.91*
 -2.31**
 -1.61*
 -2.88***
     20–40
 -0.42
 0.37
 -0.71
 -2.11**
 -0.42
 -1.14
     40–60
 -0.16
 -0.32
 -1.77*
 -1.06
 -0.67
 -0.83
Acculturation





     (Mostly speak English)





     Mostly speak Spanish
 2.38*
 -4.72***
 -8.55***
 8.63***
 -1.72*
 -7.41***
     Speak both languages equally
 1.79
 -1.42*
 -1.00
 2.93***
 0.43
 -1.97*
     Speak other language
 -1.99
 -5.11
 -11.77*
 5.54
 0.59
 0.04

Note: Variables in parentheses are referent categories. Each model is adjusted simultaneously for all variables. The model for the school sub-scale include only those children who go to school

a Age of the child is reported in increments of 5 years.

b Responding parents' race/ethnicity

* p = 0.05, ** p = 0.01, ***p = 0.001

Arif and Rohrer BMC Family Practice 2006 7:3   doi:10.1186/1471-2296-7-3