Table 2

Factors associated with depressed mood in those experiencing pain

Characteristic

N with depressed mood

% with depressed mood

Unadjusted odds ratio

95% Confidence intervals

p value

Adjusted

Odds ratio

95% Confidence intervals

p value

Male

25/155

16.1

1.5

0.9

2.6

0.1

1.5

0.7

2.9

0.3

Female

55/243

22.6

Aged 65–74

41/213

19.2

1.1

0.7

1.8

0.65

0.9

0.5

1.8

0.8

Aged 75 & over

39/185

21.1

Daily pain

42/156

21.2

1.3

0.8

2.2

0.35

1.7

0.8

3.6

0.2

Less than daily

30/143

17.3

Mild pain

34/206

16.5

Moderate pain

36/162

22.2

1.6

1.1

2.3

0.06

1.0

0.55

1.5

0.7

Severe pain

9/26

34.6

Analgesics at least 3 times/week

37/163

22.7

1.3

0.8

2.2

0.3

0.6

0.3

1.3

0.2

Living alone

25/139

18.0

1.0

0.7

1.6

0.6

1.6

0.8

3.3

0.2

Memory problems

16/40

20.5

2.0

1.0

3.9

0.001

2.1

0.8

5.4

0.1

Polypharmacy

42/174

24.1

1.7

1.0

2.7

0.05

1.3

0.6

2.5

0.5

Difficulties with BADL

12/24

50.0

4.4

1.9

10.3

< 0.001

2.8

1.1

7.8

0.05

Difficulties with IADL

44/166

26.5

1.9

1.2

3.1

0.01

1.0

0.5

2.2

0.9

Recent change in activities

59/257

23.0

1.7

0.9

3.0

0.07

1.0

0.4

2.6

0.9

Recent decrease in activities

50/207

24.2

1.8

1.1

3.1

0.025

0.7

0.3

1.7

0.5

At risk of social isolation

22/58

37.9

3.1

1.7

5.6

< 0.0001

4.3

1.8

10.4

0.001

Basic education only

60/227

26.4

3.0

1.7

5.3

< 0.0001

2.2

1.1

4.4

0.03

Receives only state pension

47/270

17.4

0.6

0.4

1.1

0.09

1.5

0.7

3.0

0.30

Unadjusted odds ratios are derived from univariate analyses and adjusted odds ratios are derived from multivariate analyses.

Iliffe et al. BMC Family Practice 2009 10:54   doi:10.1186/1471-2296-10-54