Table 3 |
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Frequency of prescriptions of target compounds and structurally related drugs for DOA/Tox immunoassays |
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Immunoassay |
Target compound(s) of marketed assays |
Highest rank of most prescribed in the United States during 1970s and 1980s1 |
Rank as most prescribed in United States in 20072 |
Structurally related top prescribed drugs in 2007 and their rank as most prescribed in United States2 |
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|
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|
Amphetamines |
d-Amphetamine d-Methamphetamine3 |
Top 100 (1970–1971) Top 200 (1970) |
66 Unranked |
Bupropion (44) |
|
|
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Barbiturates |
Secobarbital |
Top 50 (1970–1971) |
Unranked |
Butalbital (163) Phenobarbital (204) |
|
|
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|
Benzo-diazepines |
Diazepam Nordiazepam3 Oxazepam3 |
1 (1972–1979) Not applicable 93 (1976) |
71 Not applicable Unranked |
Alprazolam (16) Lorazepam (40) Clonazepam (45) Temazepam (111) |
|
|
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Opiates |
Morphine |
Top 200 (1970) |
230 |
Hydrocodone (2) Oxycodone (17) Codeine (37) Buprenorphine (248) Hydromorphone (270) |
|
|
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Tricyclic antidepressants |
Desipramine Imipramine |
Unranked 82 (1972) |
Unranked 268 |
Cyclobenzaprine (47) Amitriptyline (70) Quetiapine (92) Nortriptyline (194) Doxepin (236) Carbamazepine (237) Prochlorperazine (240) |
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1 Top prescribed medications in the United States compiled from multiple sources (see Additional file 2). 2 See Additional file 1, tab T. 3 d-Methamphetamine is not prescribed but is widely abused. Nordiazepam is not a prescribed medication but is a metabolite of several benzodiazepines (chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate, diazepam, and prazepam). Oxazepam is both a parent drug and potential metabolite of multiple benzodiazepines (chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate, diazepam, prazepam, and temazepam). Imipramine is metabolized to desipramine. |
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Krasowski et al. BMC Emergency Medicine 2009 9:5 doi:10.1186/1471-227X-9-5 |
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