Protein fingerprints of cultured CA3-CA1 hippocampal neurons: comparative analysis of the distribution of synaptosomal and cytosolic proteins

Valeria Corti^*¹ , Yovan Sanchez-Ruiz^*² , Giovanni Piccoli¹ , Andrea Bergamaschi³ , Carlo V Cannistraci¹ , Linda Pattini⁵ , Sergio Cerutti⁵ , Angela Bachi² , Massimo Alessio¹ and Antonio Malgaroli³^,4

¹Proteome Biochemistry, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

²Mass Spectrometry, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

³Neurobiology of learning units, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

⁴Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy

⁵Department of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnic University, Milan, Italy

author email corresponding author email* Contributed equally

BMC Neuroscience 2008, 9:36doi:10.1186/1471-2202-9-36


Published:	10 April 2008

Abstract

Background

All studies aimed at understanding complex molecular changes occurring at synapses face the problem of how a complete view of the synaptic proteome and of its changes can be efficiently met. This is highly desirable when synaptic plasticity processes are analyzed since the structure and the biochemistry of neurons and synapses get completely reshaped. Because most molecular studies of synapses are nowadays mainly or at least in part based on protein extracts from neuronal cultures, this is not a feasible option: these simplified versions of the brain tissue on one hand provide an homogeneous pure population of neurons but on the other yield only tiny amounts of proteins, many orders of magnitude smaller than conventional brain tissue. As a way to overcome this limitation and to find a simple way to screen for protein changes at cultured synapses, we have produced and characterized two dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) maps of the synaptic proteome of CA3-CA1 hippocampal neurons in culture.

Results

To obtain 2D maps, hippocampal cultures were mass produced and after synaptic maturation, proteins were extracted following subfractionation procedures and separated by 2D gel electrophoresis. Similar maps were obtained for the crude cytosol of cultured neurons and for synaptosomes purified from CA3-CA1 hippocampal tissue. To efficiently compare these different maps some clearly identifiable reference points were molecularly identified by mass spectrometry and immunolabeling methods. This information was used to run a differential analysis and establish homologies and dissimilarities in these 2D protein profiles.

Conclusion

Because reproducible fingerprints of cultured synapses were clearly obtained, we believe that our mapping effort could represent a simple tool to screen for protein expression and/or protein localization changes in CA3-CA1 hippocampal neurons following plasticity.