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Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex genetic diversity: mining the fourth international spoligotyping database (SpolDB4) for classification, population genetics and epidemiology

Karine Brudey1 email, Jeffrey R Driscoll2 email, Leen Rigouts3 email, Wolfgang M Prodinger4 email, Andrea Gori5 email, Sahal A Al-Hajoj6 email, Caroline Allix7 email, Liselotte Aristimuño8 email, Jyoti Arora9 email, Viesturs Baumanis10 email, Lothar Binder11 email, Patricia Cafrune12 email, Angel Cataldi13 email, Soonfatt Cheong14 email, Roland Diel15 email, Christopher Ellermeier16 email, Jason T Evans17 email, Maryse Fauville-Dufaux7 email, Séverine Ferdinand1 email, Dario Garcia de Viedma18 email, Carlo Garzelli19 email, Lidia Gazzola5 email, Harrison M Gomes20 email, M Cristina Guttierez21 email, Peter M Hawkey17 email, Paul D van Helden22 email, Gurujaj V Kadival23 email, Barry N Kreiswirth24 email, Kristin Kremer25 email, Milan Kubin26 email, Savita P Kulkarni23 email, Benjamin Liens1 email, Troels Lillebaek27 email, Ho Minh Ly28 email, Carlos Martin29 email, Christian Martin30 email, Igor Mokrousov31 email, Olga Narvskaïa31 email, Yun Fong Ngeow14 email, Ludmilla Naumann32 email, Stefan Niemann33 email, Ida Parwati34 email, Zeaur Rahim35 email, Voahangy Rasolofo-Razanamparany36 email, Tiana Rasolonavalona36 email, M Lucia Rossetti12 email, Sabine Rüsch-Gerdes33 email, Anna Sajduda37 email, Sofia Samper38 email, Igor G Shemyakin39 email, Urvashi B Singh9 email, Akos Somoskovi40 email, Robin A Skuce41 email, Dick van Soolingen25 email, Elisabeth M Streicher22 email, Philip N Suffys20 email, Enrico Tortoli42 email, Tatjana Tracevska10 email, Véronique Vincent21 email, Tommie C Victor22 email, Robin M Warren22 email, Sook Fan Yap14 email, Khadiza Zaman35 email, Françoise Portaels3 email, Nalin Rastogi1 email and Christophe Sola1 email

1  Unité de la Tuberculose et des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Guadeloupe

2  Wadsworth Center, New York State Dept. of Health, Albany, NY, USA

3  Mycobacteriology Unit, Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

4  Dept. Hygiene Microbiology and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria

5  Dept of Infectious Diseases, Institut of Infectious Diseases, Milano, Italy

6  Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

7  Laboratoire de la Tuberculose, Institut Pasteur de Bruxelles, Belgique

8  Universidad Centrooccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Venezuela and Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain

9  All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

10  Biomedical Research and Study Center, Riga, Latvia

11  Institut for Hygiene, Microbiologie and Tropical Medicine, Austria

12  Universidade Federal do Rio Grande de Soul, Brazil

13  Instituto de Biotecnologia INTA, Castelar, Argentina

14  Dept of Medical Microbiology and Pathology, faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, School of Public Health

15  University of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf

16  Dept of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensbourg, Germany

17  Public Health Laboratory, Hearltlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK

18  Dept of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain

19  Dept. of Experimental Pathology, Medical Biotechnology, Infection and Epidemiology, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy

20  Laboratory of Molecular Biology applied to Mycobacteria, Dept. Mycobacteriosis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

21  Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

22  MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dept of medical Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa

23  Laboratory Nuclear Medicine Section, Isotope group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre c/T.M.H. Annexe, Parel, Mumbai-400012, India

24  Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, USA

25  Mycobacteria reference unit, Diagnostic Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

26  Municipal Institute of Hygiene, Prague, Czech Republic

27  Statens Serum Institute, Int. Ref. lab. for Mycobacteriology, Copenhagen Denmark

28  Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam

29  Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

30  Laboratoire de Bactério-virologie-hygiène, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France

31  Institut Pasteur de Saint-Petersbourg, Saint Petersbourg, Russia

32  Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, Germany

33  Forschungszentrum, National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Borstel, Germany

34  Dept of Clinical Pathology, Padjadjaran University, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia

35  Tuberculosis Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh

36  Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Tananarive, Madagascar

37  Dept of Genetics of Microorganisms, University of Lódz, Lodz, Poland

38  Servicio Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain

39  State Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Obolensk, Russian Federation

40  Dept. of Respiratory Medicine School of Medicine Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

41  Veterinary Sciences Division, Department of agriculture for Northern Ireland, Belfast, UK

42  Centro regionale di Riferimento per i Micobatteri, Laboratorio de Microbiologia e Virologia, Ospedale Careggi, Firenze, Italy

author email corresponding author email

BMC Microbiology 2006, 6:23doi:10.1186/1471-2180-6-23

Published: 6 March 2006

Additional files

Additional file 1:

Supplemental Table: SpolDB4 listing of all STs, binary description, octal description, distribution per country of isolation and/or of origin when available, clade/subclade label. Country names were chosen according to the ISO3166-three-letter format. "U" = unknown. Clade/subclade label using spoligotyping only should be taken as presumptive or indicative of a likely clade/subclade belonging but may in some case be misleading and requires in most cases further investigations to confirm the identity of a given isolate. In some instances, mixed patterns (unrecognized) did not unambiguously allow spoligotyping classification, hence an ambiguous final label in this table.

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