Research article
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex genetic diversity: mining the fourth international spoligotyping database (SpolDB4) for classification, population genetics and epidemiology
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* Corresponding authors: Nalin Rastogi nrastogi@pasteur-guadeloupe.fr - Christophe Sola csola@pasteur-guadeloupe.fr
1 Unité de la Tuberculose et des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Guadeloupe
2 Wadsworth Center, New York State Dept. of Health, Albany, NY, USA
3 Mycobacteriology Unit, Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
4 Dept. Hygiene Microbiology and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
5 Dept of Infectious Diseases, Institut of Infectious Diseases, Milano, Italy
6 Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
7 Laboratoire de la Tuberculose, Institut Pasteur de Bruxelles, Belgique
8 Universidad Centrooccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Venezuela and Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
9 All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
10 Biomedical Research and Study Center, Riga, Latvia
11 Institut for Hygiene, Microbiologie and Tropical Medicine, Austria
12 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande de Soul, Brazil
13 Instituto de Biotecnologia INTA, Castelar, Argentina
14 Dept of Medical Microbiology and Pathology, faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, School of Public Health
15 University of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf
16 Dept of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensbourg, Germany
17 Public Health Laboratory, Hearltlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
18 Dept of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
19 Dept. of Experimental Pathology, Medical Biotechnology, Infection and Epidemiology, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
20 Laboratory of Molecular Biology applied to Mycobacteria, Dept. Mycobacteriosis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
21 Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
22 MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dept of medical Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
23 Laboratory Nuclear Medicine Section, Isotope group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre c/T.M.H. Annexe, Parel, Mumbai-400012, India
24 Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, USA
25 Mycobacteria reference unit, Diagnostic Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
26 Municipal Institute of Hygiene, Prague, Czech Republic
27 Statens Serum Institute, Int. Ref. lab. for Mycobacteriology, Copenhagen Denmark
28 Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
29 Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
30 Laboratoire de Bactério-virologie-hygiène, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
31 Institut Pasteur de Saint-Petersbourg, Saint Petersbourg, Russia
32 Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, Germany
33 Forschungszentrum, National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Borstel, Germany
34 Dept of Clinical Pathology, Padjadjaran University, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
35 Tuberculosis Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
36 Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Tananarive, Madagascar
37 Dept of Genetics of Microorganisms, University of Lódz, Lodz, Poland
38 Servicio Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
39 State Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Obolensk, Russian Federation
40 Dept. of Respiratory Medicine School of Medicine Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
41 Veterinary Sciences Division, Department of agriculture for Northern Ireland, Belfast, UK
42 Centro regionale di Riferimento per i Micobatteri, Laboratorio de Microbiologia e Virologia, Ospedale Careggi, Firenze, Italy
BMC Microbiology 2006, 6:23 doi:10.1186/1471-2180-6-23
Published: 6 March 2006Additional files
Additional file 1:
Supplemental Table: SpolDB4 listing of all STs, binary description, octal description, distribution per country of isolation and/or of origin when available, clade/subclade label. Country names were chosen according to the ISO3166-three-letter format. "U" = unknown. Clade/subclade label using spoligotyping only should be taken as presumptive or indicative of a likely clade/subclade belonging but may in some case be misleading and requires in most cases further investigations to confirm the identity of a given isolate. In some instances, mixed patterns (unrecognized) did not unambiguously allow spoligotyping classification, hence an ambiguous final label in this table.
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